• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 8, Issue 3, 263 (2020)
Hao Sun1、†, Yuze Hu2、†, Yuhua Tang1、†, Jie You3, Junhu Zhou2, Hengzhu Liu1, and Xin Zheng3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
  • 2College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
  • 3National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100071, China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.380446 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Hao Sun, Yuze Hu, Yuhua Tang, Jie You, Junhu Zhou, Hengzhu Liu, Xin Zheng. Ultrafast polarization-dependent all-optical switching of germanium-based metaphotonic devices[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(3): 263 Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] R. Schittny, M. Kadic, T. Buckmann, M. Wegener. Invisibility cloaking in a diffusive light scattering medium. Science, 345, 427-429(2014).

    [2] X. Ni, Z. J. Wong, M. Mrejen, Y. Wang, X. Zhang. An ultrathin invisibility skin cloak for visible light. Science, 349, 1310-1314(2015).

    [3] D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, M. C. K. Wiltshire. Metamaterials and negative refractive index. Science, 305, 788-792(2004).

    [4] S. Yoo, S. Lee, Q.-H. Park. Loss-free negative-index metamaterials using forward light scattering in dielectric meta-atoms. ACS Photon., 5, 1370-1374(2018).

    [5] J. Y. Suen, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla. A zero-rank, maximum nullity perfect electromagnetic wave absorber. Adv. Opt. Mater., 7, 1801632(2019).

    [6] X. Tian, Z.-Y. Li. Visible-near infrared ultra-broadband polarization-independent metamaterial perfect absorber involving phase-change materials. Photon. Res., 4, 146-152(2016).

    [7] Q. Yang, J. Gu, Y. Xu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, C. Ouyang, Z. Tian, J. Han, W. Zhang. Broadband and robust metalens with nonlinear phase profiles for efficient terahertz wave control. Adv. Opt. Mater., 5, 1601084(2017).

    [8] D. Lu, Z. Liu. Hyperlenses and metalenses for far-field super-resolution imaging. Nat. Commun., 3, 1205(2012).

    [9] S. Xiao, J. Wang, F. Liu, S. Zhang, X. Yin, J. Li. Spin-dependent optics with metasurfaces. Nanophotonics, 6, 215-234(2017).

    [10] N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J.-P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, Z. Gaburro. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science, 334, 333-337(2011).

    [11] E. Prodan, C. Radloff, N. J. Halas, P. Nordlander. A hybridization model for the plasmon response of complex nanostructures. Science, 302, 419-422(2003).

    [12] R. Singh, C. Rockstuhl, F. Lederer, W. Zhang. Coupling between a dark and a bright eigenmode in a terahertz metamaterial. Phys. Rev. B, 79, 085111(2009).

    [13] W. Wang, F. Yan, S. Tan, H. Zhou, Y. Hou. Ultrasensitive terahertz metamaterial sensor based on vertical split ring resonators. Photon. Res., 5, 571-577(2017).

    [14] L. Chen, N. Xu, L. Singh, T. Cui, R. Singh, Y. Zhu, W. Zhang. Defect-induced Fano resonances in corrugated plasmonic metamaterials. Adv. Opt. Mater., 5, 1600960(2017).

    [15] N. Liu, S. Kaiser, H. Giessen. Magnetoinductive and electroinductive coupling in plasmonic metamaterial molecules. Adv. Mater., 20, 4521-4525(2008).

    [16] S. Linden. Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 terahertz. Science, 306, 1351-1353(2004).

    [17] W. Withayachumnankul, D. Abbott. Metamaterials in the terahertz regime. IEEE Photon. J., 1, 99-118(2009).

    [18] V. A. Fedotov, M. Rose, S. L. Prosvirnin, N. Papasimakis, N. I. Zheludev. Sharp dark-mode resonances in planar metamaterials with broken structural symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, 147401(2007).

    [19] H. Guo, J. Lin, M. Qiu, J. Tian, Q. Wang, Y. Li, S. Sun, Q. He, S. Xiao, L. Zhou. Flat optical transparent window: mechanism and realization based on metasurfaces. J. Phys. D, 51, 074001(2018).

    [20] S. Xiao, F. Zhong, H. Liu, S. Zhu, J. Li. Flexible coherent control of plasmonic spin-Hall effect. Nat. Commun., 6, 8360(2015).

    [21] S. Xiao, H. Mühlenbernd, G. Li, M. Kenney, F. Liu, T. Zentgraf, S. Zhang, J. Li. Helicity-preserving omnidirectional plasmonic mirror. Adv. Opt. Mater., 4, 654-658(2016).

    [22] B. Yang, T. Liu, H. Guo, S. Xiao, L. Zhou. High-performance meta-devices based on multilayer meta-atoms: interplay between the number of layers and phase coverage. Sci. Bull., 64, 823-835(2019).

    [23] Y. K. Srivastava, A. Chaturvedi, M. Manjappa, A. Kumar, G. Dayal, C. Kloc, R. Singh. MoS2 for ultrafast all-optical switching and modulation of THz Fano metaphotonic devices. Adv. Opt. Mater., 5, 1700762(2017).

    [24] S. Zhang, D. A. Genov, Y. Wang, M. Liu, X. Zhang. Plasmon-induced transparency in metamaterials. Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 047401(2008).

    [25] S. Xiao, T. Wang, T. Liu, X. Yan, Z. Li, C. Xu. Active modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz hybrid metal-graphene metamaterials. Carbon, 126, 271-278(2018).

    [26] I. Al-Naib, E. Hebestreit, C. Rockstuhl, F. Lederer, D. Christodoulides, T. Ozaki, R. Morandotti. Conductive coupling of split ring resonators: a path to THz metamaterials with ultrasharp resonances. Phys. Rev. Lett., 112, 183903(2014).

    [27] Y. Hu, T. Jiang, J. Zhou, H. Hao, H. Sun, H. Ouyang, M. Tong, Y. Tang, H. Li, J. You, X. Zheng, Z. Xu, X. Cheng. Ultrafast terahertz frequency and phase tuning by all-optical molecularization of metasurfaces. Adv. Opt. Mater., 7, 1901050(2019).

    [28] T.-T. Kim, H.-D. Kim, R. Zhao, S. S. Oh, T. Ha, D. S. Chung, Y. H. Lee, B. Min, S. Zhang. Electrically tunable slow light using graphene metamaterials. ACS Photon., 5, 1800-1807(2018).

    [29] L. Cheng, Z. Jin, Z. Ma, F. Su, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhang, T. Su, Y. Sun, X. Xu, Z. Meng, Y. Bian, Z. Sheng. Mechanical terahertz modulation based on single-layered graphene. Adv. Opt. Mater., 6, 1700877(2018).

    [30] H.-T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt. Active terahertz metamaterial devices. Nature, 444, 597-600(2006).

    [31] W.-S. Chang, J. B. Lassiter, P. Swanglap, H. Sobhani, S. Khatua, P. Nordlander, N. J. Halas, S. Link. A plasmonic Fano switch. Nano Lett., 12, 4977-4982(2012).

    [32] H. Jung, H. Jo, W. Lee, B. Kim, H. Choi, M. S. Kang, H. Lee. Electrical control of electromagnetically induced transparency by terahertz metamaterial funneling. Adv. Opt. Mater., 7, 1801205(2019).

    [33] C. H. Kodama, R. A. Coutu. Tunable split-ring resonators using germanium telluride. Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, 231901(2016).

    [34] T. Driscoll, S. Palit, M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, F. Keilmann, B.-G. Chae, S.-J. Yun, H.-T. Kim, S. Y. Cho, N. M. Jokerst, D. R. Smith, D. N. Basov. Dynamic tuning of an infrared hybrid-metamaterial resonance using vanadium dioxide. Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 024101(2008).

    [35] R. Pillarisetty. Academic and industry research progress in germanium nanodevices. Nature, 479, 324-328(2011).

    [36] R. Singh, A. K. Azad, Q. X. Jia, A. J. Taylor, H.-T. Chen. Thermal tunability in terahertz metamaterials fabricated on strontium titanate single-crystal substrates. Opt. Lett., 36, 1230-1232(2011).

    [37] M. T. Nouman, J. Hwang, M. Faiyaz, G. Lee, D.-Y. Noh, J.-H. Jang. Dynamic-metasurface-based cavity structures for enhanced absorption and phase modulation. ACS Photon., 6, 374-381(2019).

    [38] Y. Zhao, Y. Zhang, Q. Shi, S. Liang, W. Huang, W. Kou, Z. Yang. Dynamic photoinduced controlling of the large phase shift of terahertz waves via vanadium dioxide coupling nanostructures. ACS Photon., 5, 3040-3050(2018).

    [39] W. X. Lim, M. Manjappa, Y. K. Srivastava, L. Cong, A. Kumar, K. F. MacDonald, R. Singh. Ultrafast all-optical switching of germanium-based flexible metaphotonic devices. Adv. Mater., 30, 1705331(2018).

    [40] P. Pitchappa, A. Kumar, S. Prakash, H. Jani, T. Venkatesan, R. Singh. Chalcogenide phase change material for active terahertz photonics. Adv. Mater., 31, 1808157(2019).

    [41] Y. K. Srivastava, A. Chaturvedi, M. Manjappa, A. Kumar, G. Dayal, C. Kloc, R. Singh. MoS2 for ultrafast all-optical switching and modulation of THz Fano metaphotonic devices. Adv. Opt. Mater., 5, 1700762(2017).

    [42] J. Gu, R. Singh, X. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Ma, S. Zhang, S. A. Maier, Z. Tian, A. K. Azad, H.-T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, J. Han, W. Zhang. Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz metamaterials. Nat. Commun., 3, 1151(2012).

    [43] M. Manjappa, Y. K. Srivastava, L. Cong, I. Al-Naib, R. Singh. Active photoswitching of sharp Fano resonances in THz metadevices. Adv. Mater., 29, 1603355(2017).

    [44] N.-H. Shen, M. Kafesaki, T. Koschny, L. Zhang, E. N. Economou, C. M. Soukoulis. Broadband blueshift tunable metamaterials and dual-band switches. Phys. Rev. B, 79, 161102(2009).

    [45] H.-T. Chen, J. F. O’Hara, A. K. Azad, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, D. B. Shrekenhamer, W. J. Padilla. Experimental demonstration of frequency-agile terahertz metamaterials. Nat. Photonics, 2, 295-298(2008).

    [46] K. Fan, X. Zhao, J. Zhang, K. Geng, G. R. Keiser, H. R. Seren, G. D. Metcalfe, M. Wraback, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt. Optically tunable terahertz metamaterials on highly flexible substrates. IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol., 3, 702-708(2013).

    [47] K. Wei, T. Jiang, Z. Xu, J. Zhou, J. You, Y. Tang, H. Li, R. Chen, X. Zheng, S. Wang, K. Yin, Z. Wang, J. Wang, X. Cheng. Ultrafast carrier transfer promoted by interlayer coulomb coupling in 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures. Laser Photon. Rev., 12, 1800128(2018).

    [48] M. Manjappa, Y. K. Srivastava, A. Solanki, A. Kumar, T. C. Sum, R. Singh. Hybrid lead halide perovskites for ultrasensitive photoactive switching in terahertz metamaterial devices. Adv. Mater., 29, 1605881(2017).

    [49] A. K. Azad, Z. Tian, H.-T. Chen, X. Lu, S. R. Kasarla, W. Zhang, A. J. Taylor, J. F. O’Hara. Ultrafast optical control of terahertz surface plasmon polariton in subwavelength hole-arrays at room temperature. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, CWG4(2009).

    [50] Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, D. Y. Tang. Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers. Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, 3077-3083(2009).

    [51] K. Bi, D. Yang, J. Chen, Q. Wang, H. Wu, C. Lan, Y. Yang. Experimental demonstration of ultra-large-scale terahertz all-dielectric metamaterials. Photon. Res., 7, 457-463(2019).

    [52] T. Kleine-Ostmann, K. Pierz, G. Hein, P. Dawson, M. Marso, M. Koch. Spatially resolved measurements of depletion properties of large gate two-dimensional electron gas semiconductor terahertz modulators. J. Appl. Phys., 105, 093707(2009).

    [53] Q. Xu, X. Su, C. Ouyang, N. Xu, W. Cao, Y. Zhang, Q. Li, C. Hu, J. Gu, Z. Tian, A. K. Azad, J. Han, W. Zhang. Frequency-agile electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz metamaterials. Opt. Lett., 41, 4562-4565(2016).

    [54] J. Zhang, T. Jiang, T. Zhou, H. Ouyang, C. Zhang, Z. Xin, Z. Wang, X. Cheng. Saturated absorption of different layered Bi2Se3 films in the resonance zone. Photon. Res., 6, C8-C14(2018).

    [55] R. Yahiaoui, J. A. Burrow, S. M. Mekonen, A. Sarangan, J. Mathews, I. Agha, T. A. Searles. Electromagnetically induced transparency control in terahertz metasurfaces based on bright-bright mode coupling. Phys. Rev. B, 97, 155403(2018).

    [56] X. Su, C. Ouyang, N. Xu, S. Tan, J. Gu, Z. Tian, J. Han, F. Yan, W. Zhang. Broadband terahertz transparency in a switchable metasurface. IEEE Photon. J., 7, 5900108(2015).

    [57] D. Shrekenhamer, S. Rout, A. C. Strikwerda, C. Bingham, R. D. Averitt, S. Sonkusale, W. J. Padilla. High speed terahertz modulation from metamaterials with embedded high electron mobility transistors. Opt. Express, 19, 9968-9975(2011).

    [58] Y. Hu, T. Jiang, J. Zhou, H. Hao, H. Sun, H. Ouyang, M. Tong, Y. Tang, H. Li, J. You, X. Zheng, Z. Xu, X. Cheng. Ultrafast terahertz transmission/group delay switching in photoactive WSe2-functionalized metaphotonic devices. Nano Energy, 68, 104280(2019).

    [59] W. Cao, R. Singh, C. Zhang, J. Han, M. Tonouchi, W. Zhang. Plasmon-induced transparency in metamaterials: active near field coupling between bright superconducting and dark metallic mode resonators. Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, 101106(2013).

    [60] H. Zhang, S. B. Lu, J. Zheng, J. Du, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, K. P. Loh. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a broadband saturable absorber for ultra-fast photonics. Opt. Express, 22, 7249-7260(2014).

    [61] C. Kurter, P. Tassin, L. Zhang, T. Koschny, A. P. Zhuravel, A. V. Ustinov, S. M. Anlage, C. M. Soukoulis. Classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency with a metal-superconductor hybrid metamaterial. Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, 043901(2011).

    [62] Q. Bao, H. Zhang, J. Yang, S. Wang, D. Y. Tang, R. Jose, S. Ramakrishna, C. T. Lim, K. P. Loh. Graphene-polymer nanofiber membrane for ultrafast photonics. Adv. Funct. Mater., 20, 782-791(2010).

    [63] T. Cao, Y. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Zou. Theoretical study of tunable chirality from graphene integrated achiral metasurfaces. Photon. Res., 5, 441-449(2017).

    [64] Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, H. Zhang, S. Wen, D. Tang. Critical coupling with graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials. Sci. Rep., 4, 5483(2015).

    [65] Z. L. Sámson, K. F. MacDonald, F. De Angelis, B. Gholipour, K. Knight, C. C. Huang, E. Di Fabrizio, D. W. Hewak, N. I. Zheludev. Metamaterial electro-optic switch of nanoscale thickness. Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, 143105(2010).

    [66] M. Zürch, H.-T. Chang, L. J. Borja, P. M. Kraus, S. K. Cushing, A. Gandman, C. J. Kaplan, M. H. Oh, J. S. Prell, D. Prendergast, C. D. Pemmaraju, D. M. Neumark, S. R. Leone. Direct and simultaneous observation of ultrafast electron and hole dynamics in germanium. Nat. Commun., 8, 15734(2017).

    [67] S. Prucnal, F. Liu, M. Voelskow, L. Vines, L. Rebohle, D. Lang, Y. Berencén, S. Andric, R. Boettger, M. Helm, S. Zhou, W. Skorupa. Ultra-doped n-type germanium thin films for sensing in the mid-infrared. Sci. Rep., 6, 27643(2016).

    [68] C. Boztug, J. R. Sánchez-Pérez, F. Cavallo, M. G. Lagally, R. Paiella. Strained-germanium nanostructures for infrared photonics. ACS Nano, 8, 3136-3151(2014).

    [69] P. Moontragoon, Z. Ikonić, P. Harrison. Band structure calculations of Si-Ge–Sn alloys: achieving direct band gap materials. Semicond. Sci. Technol., 22, 742-748(2007).

    [70] S. Gupta, B. Magyari-Köpe, Y. Nishi, K. C. Saraswat. Achieving direct band gap in germanium through integration of Sn alloying and external strain. J. Appl. Phys., 113, 073707(2013).

    [71] T.-T. Yeh, H. Shirai, C.-M. Tu, T. Fuji, T. Kobayashi, C.-W. Luo. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in Ge by ultra-broadband mid-infrared probe spectroscopy. Sci. Rep., 7, 40492(2017).

    [72] G. Mak, H. M. van Driel. Femtosecond transmission spectroscopy at the direct band edge of germanium. Phys. Rev. B, 49, 16817-16820(1994).

    [73] G. P. Neupane, K. Zhou, S. Chen, T. Yildirim, P. Zhang, Y. Lu. In-plane isotropic/anisotropic 2D van der Waals heterostructures for future devices. Small, 15, 1804733(2019).

    [74] J. Liu, Y. Zhou, Y. Lin, M. Li, H. Cai, Y. Liang, M. Liu, Z. Huang, F. Lai, F. Huang, W. Zheng. Anisotropic photoresponse of the ultrathin GeSe nanoplates grown by rapid physical vapor deposition. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11, 4123-4130(2019).

    [75] J. Zhou, Y. Hu, T. Jiang, H. Ouyang, H. Li, Y. Sui, H. Hao, J. You, X. Zheng, Z. Xu, X. Cheng. Ultrasensitive polarization-dependent terahertz modulation in hybrid perovskites plasmon-induced transparency devices. Photon. Res., 7, 994-1002(2019).

    [76] T. Liu, X. Jiang, C. Zhou, S. Xiao. Black phosphorus-based anisotropic absorption structure in the mid-infrared. Opt. Express, 27, 27618-27627(2019).

    [77] S. Xiao, T. Liu, L. Cheng, C. Zhou, X. Jiang, Z. Li, C. Xu. Tunable anisotropic absorption in hyperbolic metamaterials based on black phosphorous/dielectric multilayer structures. J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 3290-3297(2019).

    CLP Journals

    [1] Hao Sun, Yuhua Tang, Yuze Hu, Jie You, Hengzhu Liu, Xin Zheng. Active formatting modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2020, 18(9): 092402

    [2] Hao Sun, Jie Yang, Hengzhu Liu, Dan Wu, Xin Zheng. Process-controllable modulation of plasmon-induced transparency in terahertz metamaterials[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2021, 19(1): 013602

    [3] Hao Sun, Jianghua Zhang, Yuhua Tang, Hengzhu Liu, Jie Yang, Xin Zheng. Ultrafast all-optical switching of dual-band plasmon-induced transparency in terahertz metamaterials[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2022, 20(1): 013701

    Hao Sun, Yuze Hu, Yuhua Tang, Jie You, Junhu Zhou, Hengzhu Liu, Xin Zheng. Ultrafast polarization-dependent all-optical switching of germanium-based metaphotonic devices[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(3): 263
    Download Citation