The optimal channel selection model of the optical communication system is constructed to improve the data transmission rate of the optical communication system and reduce the Transmission delay. First, the sensing time and transmission time between the sender and receiver in the optical communication system, taking the maximum trans- mission rate as the objective function, build the optimal channel selection model, use the improved discrete bat algo- rithm to solve the model objective function, obtain the results corresponding to the minimum fitness value as the current optimal solution, and output the optimal channel selection results. The test results show that this method has good ap- plication performance, with the optimal channel selection ratio results above 0. 944, which can greatly ensure the se- lection effect of the optimal channel; The maximum delay result of data transmission is 1. 08 seconds, which meets the application standards; After selecting the channel, the transmission rate of the optical communication system is around 10 Mbps, with a maximum value of 10. 57 Mbps.