Large piezoelectric anisotropy and high hydrostatic piezoelectric activity due to an appreciable orientation effect and porosity in novel 2–2–0 composites

Vitaly Yu. Topolov; Andrey V. Krivoruchko; Natalia V. Prutsakova

doi:10.1142/S2010135X23500066

Abstract

The polarization orientation effect and porosity effect on the piezoelectric properties and related parameters are studied in 2–2-type composites based on domain-engineered relaxor-ferroelectric [011]-poled single crystals. The parameters, which are of great interest, are an anisotropy of the piezoelectric coefficients

d_{3 j}^{*}

, an anisotropy of the energy-harvesting figures of merit

d_{3 j}^{*} g_{3 j}^{*}

and the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient

d_{h *}

. An orientation of the main crystallographic axes in each polydomain single-crystal layer is described by angles

β

and

γ

. Diagrams built for the first time show the (

β, γ

) regions, where a large anisotropy of

d_{3 j}^{*}

(or

d_{3 j}^{*} g_{3 j}^{*}

) is achieved, and where inequality

d_{h *} >

1000 pC/N holds. A large local max

d_{h *}

= 1930 pC/N is achieved in a 2–2–0 PZN–0.065PT-based composite at the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient

d_{33 *}

= 2290 pC/N and figure of merit

d_{33}^{*} g_{33}^{*}

= 1.02

^{.}

10

^{- 9}

Pa

^{- 1}

. The aforementioned large parameters are to be of value in piezoelectric sensing, energy harvesting and hydroacoustics.