Advances in spectral matching techniques for solar simulators

Tingting LI; Yajun PANG; Jianyang LIU

doi:10.5768/JAO202546.0109002

Journals >Journal of Applied Optics >Volume 46 >Issue 1 >Page 17 > Article

Journal of Applied Optics
Vol. 46, Issue 1, 17 (2025)

Advances in spectral matching techniques for solar simulators

Tingting LI^1,2, Yajun PANG^1,2,*, and Jianyang LIU^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

²Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China

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DOI: 10.5768/JAO202546.0109002 Cite this Article

Tingting LI, Yajun PANG, Jianyang LIU. Advances in spectral matching techniques for solar simulators[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2025, 46(1): 17 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Structural layout of spectrum correction module^[61]

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Fig. 2. Triple-source solar simulator designed by JENKINS P, et al^[67]

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Fig. 3. Luminaire layout diagram of solar simulator designed by BAGUCKIS A, et al^[70]

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Fig. 4. LED layout diagram of solar simulator designed by NOVICKOVAS A, et al^[79]

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Standards organizations		Performance parameters
Standards organizations		Spectral match	Irradiation non-uniformity	Temporal instability
IEC 60904-9-2007	A	0.75～1.25	±2%	±2%
	B	0.6～1.4	±5%	±5%
	C	0.4～2.0	±10%	±10%
JIS C8942-2009	MS	0.95～1.05	±2%	±1%
	MA	0.75～1.25	±2%	±1%
	B	0.6～1.4	±3%	±3%
	C	0.4～2.0	±10%	±10%
ASTM E927-19	A	0.75～1.25	±2%	±2%
	B	0.6～1.4	±5%	±5%
	C	0.4～2.0	±10%	±10%

Table 1. Classifications of solar simulators in IEC, JIS and ASTM standards

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Spectral rage	Total irradiance (IEC、JIS)	Total irradiance (ASTM)
400 nm～500 nm	18.4%	18.21%
500 nm～600 nm	19.9%	19.73%
600 nm～700 nm	18.4%	18.20%
700 nm～800 nm	14.9%	14.79%
800 nm～900 nm	12.5%	12.39%
900 nm～1 100 nm	15.9%	15.89%

Table 2. Reference spectral distribution in IEC, JIS and ASTM standards

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Grade	Class A+	Class A	Class B	Class C
Spectral match	0.875-1.125	0.75-1.25	0.6-1.4	0.4-2.0
Irradiation non-uniformity	≤±1%	≤±2%	≤±5%	≤±10%
Temporal instability	≤±1%	≤±2%	≤±5%	≤±10%

Table 3. Solar simulator grade according to IEC 60904-9-2020 standard

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Spectral rage	Total irradiance
300 nm～470 nm	16.61%
470 nm～561 nm	16.74%
561 nm～657 nm	16.67%
657 nm～772 nm	16.63%
772 nm～919 nm	16.66%
919 nm～1200 nm	16.69%

Table 4. Reference spectral distribution in range of 300 nm~1 200 nm according to IEC 60904-9-2020 standard

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Year	Light source	Spectral range	Spectrum/Spectral matching degree/Spectral grade	Ref
2012	6 pulsed Xenon lamps + filters	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.91~1.05/A	[59]
2013	Xenon arcs + filters	300 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[60]
2013	Xenon arcs + filters	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[62]
2015	Xenon arcs + 4 filters	300 nm～1 700 nm	AM0/0.8514/A	[61]
2016	Xenon lamps + combined filters	400 nm～1 200 nm	AM1.5G/0.946/A	[63]
2022	Xenon arcs + filters	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.8~1.2/A	[64]

Table 5. Spectral matching performances of solar simulators with traditional light sources

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Year	Light source	Spectral range	Spectrum/Spectral matching degree/Spectral grade	Ref
1962	Xenon arc + Tungsten	−	AM0/-/-	[65]
1990	Xenon arc + Tungsten Halogen	350 nm～1 000 nm	AM1.5G/-/-	[66]
2005	Xenon arc + Tungsten	−	AM0/-/-	[67]
2009	Halogen + 8-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/-/B	[72]
2009	Xenon arc + Ectothermic blackbody	0.4 μm～12 μm	AM1.5G/0.85/A	[68]
2012	Xenon arc + 53-color LEDs	380 nm～1 000 nm	AM1.5G/0.97/A	[71]
2016	Halogen + 6-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.75/A	[70]
2023	Xenon arc + Halogen	350 nm～1 800 nm	AM0/-/A	[69]

Table 6. Spectral matching performances of multi-source solar simulators

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Year	Light source	Spectral range	Spectrum/Spectral matching degree/Spectral grade	Ref
2008	4-color LEDs	−	AM1.5G/0.77/A	[73]
2010	18-color-LEDs	390 nm～940 nm	AM1.5G/0.9/A	[74]
2014	23-color LEDs	350 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[75]
2015	LEDs	300 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.99/A	[77]
2015	6-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.92～1.08/A	[81]
2016	6-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[79]
2018	6-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.995/A	[76]
2018	15-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.94/A	[78]
2019	11-color LEDs	400 nm～900 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[82]
2020	39-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.9544/A	[83]
2021	19-color LEDs	250 nm～1 000 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[80]
2018	6-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.995/A	[76]
2018	15-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.94/A	[78]
2019	11-color LEDs	400 nm～900 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[82]
2020	39-color LEDs	400 nm～1 100 nm	AM1.5G/0.9544/A	[83]
2021	19-color LEDs	250 nm～1 000 nm	AM1.5G/-/A	[80]

Table 7. Spectral matching performances of LED solar simulators

Tingting LI, Yajun PANG, Jianyang LIU. Advances in spectral matching techniques for solar simulators[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2025, 46(1): 17

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