The macrostructure in the Z direction of the TC4 as-deposited state is composed of coarse original β columnar crystals that grow approximately parallel to the deposition direction, and the macrostructure in the XY direction is composed of equiaxed crystals. With the increase of V content, the average width of the bottom of Z directional columnar crystals decreases from 1 mm to 0.24 mm, and the average length of equiaxed crystals in the XY direction at the top of columnar crystals decreases from 600 μm to 250 μm. The microstructure of the TC4+ V as-deposited state is composed of a large amount of α phases with densely packed hexagonal structures and a small amount of β phases with body center cube structures. With the increase of V content, the primary α is gradually refined with the gradual decrease of the length-width ratio (lowest to 4.9) and width (lowest to 0.2 μm). Meanwhile, the content of β phase gradually increases to 30.91% (TC4+ 10%V). Thus, under the effect of solution strengthening, the Vickers hardness of the samples slightly increases with the increase of V addition. The increase of equiaxed α phase decreases the microhardness slightly. Under the effect of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening, the overall tensile strength of the sample as-deposited with V is higher than that of TC4. However, due to the increase of intragranular component segregation and the thinning of the width of the secondary α photo layer, the elongation decreases gradually. The results show that the TC4+ 6%V as-deposited sample has the best comprehensive mechanical properties, with the maximum tensile strength (about 1018 MPa), yield strength (about 892 MPa), elongation (about 11.2%), and hardness (about 381.7 HV).