Spatial pattern and developing mechanism of railway geo-systems based on track gauge: A case study of Eurasia

Chengjin WANG; Xumao LI; Peiran CHEN; Yongshun XIE; Weidong LIU

doi:10.1007/s11442-020-1782-z

Journals >Journal of Geographical Sciences >Volume 30 >Issue 8 >Page 1283 > Article

Journal of Geographical Sciences
Vol. 30, Issue 8, 1283 (2020)

Spatial pattern and developing mechanism of railway geo-systems based on track gauge: A case study of Eurasia

Chengjin WANG^{1、2、3、*}, Xumao LI^1、2、3, Peiran CHEN^1、2、3, Yongshun XIE^1、2、3, and Weidong LIU^1、2、3

Author Affiliations

¹nstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

²Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

³College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

show less

DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1782-z Cite this Article

Chengjin WANG, Xumao LI, Peiran CHEN, Yongshun XIE, Weidong LIU. Spatial pattern and developing mechanism of railway geo-systems based on track gauge: A case study of Eurasia[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(8): 1283 Copy Citation Text

EndNote(RIS)

BibTex

Plain Text

show less

Fig. 1. The length of different track gauges within the railways of Eurasia

Download full size | View in the Article

Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of railways with different gauges in Eurasia

Download full size | View in the Article

Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of railway gauge geo-systems in Eurasia

Download full size | View in the Article

Fig. 4. Expansion models of the track gauge standard in Eurasia

Download full size | View in the Article

Gauge	Number	Country
Soviet wide-gauge system	18	Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Ukraine, Moldova, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
British standard-gauge system	29	Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Poland, Czech, Slovakia, Hungary, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, France, Monaco, Italy, Vatican, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro
Chinese standard-gauge system	3	China, DPRK, South Korea
Southeast Asian narrow-gauge system	7	Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Singapore
West Asian standard-gauge system	7	Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, Saudi Arabia
South Asian wide-gauge system	3	India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Japanese narrow-gauge system	6	Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Taiwan (China), Brunei, Sakhalin (Russia)
Southwest European wide-gauge system	2	Spain, Portugal

Table 1.

The composition of railway geo-systems in Eurasia

View in the Article

International organization	Co-operation between railways (OSJD)	The International Union of Railways (UIC)
Number of member states	27	46
Name of member states	Azerbaijan, Albania, Afghanistan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, DPRK, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine , Czech, Estonia	Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg , Macedonia, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Jordan
Observing country	Germany, France, Greece, Finland, Serbia, Hungary, Austria	-
Double transnational	Bulgaria, Czech, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Iran, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Albania

Table 2.

Members of organizations for co-operation between railways and International Union of Railways

View in the Article

Colony	Gauge (mm)	United Kingdom	France	Japan	United States	Turkey	Netherlands	Vietnam
Colony	Gauge (mm)	1435	1435	1067	1435	1435	1435	1000
Philippines	1067	-	-	1942-1945	1898-1935, 1945-1946	-	-	-
Malaysia	1000	1826-1942, 1945-1957	-	1942-1945	-	-	-	-
Myanmar	1000	1885-1942, 1945-1948	-	1942-1945	-	-	-	-
Singapore	1435	1824-1942, 1945-1957	-	1952-1945	-	-	-	-
Sri Lanka	1676	1815-1948	-	-	-	-	-	-
India	1676	1849-1947	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pakistan	1676	1849-1947	-	-	-	-	-	-
Bangladesh	1676	1757-1947	-	-	-	-	-	-
Jordan	1050	1918-1946	-	-	-	1516-1918	-	-
Iraq	1435	1918-1932	-	-	-	1534-1918	-	-
Israel	1435	1917-1948	-	-	-	1516-1916	-	-
DPRK	1435	-	-	1910-1945	-	-	-	-
South Korea	1435	-	-	1910-1945	-	-	-	-
Taiwan, China	1067	-	-	1895-1945	-	-	-	-
Thailand	1000	-	-	1941-1945	-	-	-	-
Vietnam	1000	-	1884-1940, 1945-1954	1940-1945	-	-	-	-
Cambodia	1000	-	1863-1940, 1945-1954	1945-1945	-	-	-	1979-1989
Indonesia	1067	-	-	1942-1945	-	-	1610-1942, 1945-1954	-
Syria	1435	-	1918-1946	-	-	1516-1916	-	-
Lebanon	1435	-	1918-1943	-	-	1516-1916	-	-

Table 3.

Railway gauge relationships between the suzerain and the colony in Eurasia

View in the Article

Model	Location	Gauge	Network	Differentiation	Mechanism	Gauge (mm)	Case
Continuous expansion model	Geographical connection	Same	Complete	Undifferentiated	Natural transmission	1435	EU
Core-edge model	Geographical connection	Same	Complete	Differentiation	Mechanical propagation	1520	Soviet Union
Colonial decentralization model	Sea and land connection; Land isolation	Same	Detached	Differentiation	Mechanical propagation	1067	Far East Island
Colonial continuous model	Geographical connection	Same	Complete	Differentiation	Mechanical propagation	1435	Central and West Asia
Colonial jump model (Same gauge)	Land isolation	Different	Detached	Differentiation	Mechanical propagation	1435	Central and West Asia
Colonial jump model (Different gauge)	Land isolation	Different	Detached	Differentiation	Mechanical propagation	1000	Southeast Asia