Temperature has an important influence on the performance index and working life of distributed feedback (DFB) laser. Aiming at the laser application in a wide temperature range, the research status and trend of laser temperature control system are analyzed, and the design principle is given. A simulated temperature control and detection system of DFB laser is developed by using linear drive and PID closed-loop control method and simulator, and the system is used to verify the 1550 nm DFB laser. The results show that the system could work for a long time (≥2 h) in the full temperature range of -55 ℃-70 ℃, the working state of the laser was stable, and the central wavelength did not drift. The temperature control precision of the system varies with the temperature range of the working environment. It can reach ±0.02 ℃ at room temperature within ±0.8 ℃ in the full temperature range, and the tracking error is less than ±0.5 dB. Compared with the traditional laser temperature control system, the system has wider working temperature range, higher control precision, smaller volume, and lower cost, being simple and reliable. For the application of DFB laser with strict temperature environment requirements, it has important engineering practical significance.