Direct generation of an ultrafast vortex beam in a CVD-graphene-based passively mode-locked Pr:LiYF4 visible laser

Nan Li; Junjie Huang; Bin Xu; Yaqi Cai; Jie Lu; Linjie Zhan; Zhengqian Luo; Huiying Xu; Zhiping Cai; Weiwei Cai

doi:10.1364/PRJ.7.001209

[1] A. Mair, A. Vaziri, G. Weihs, A. Zeilinger. Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons. Nature, 412, 313-316(2001).

[2] K. T. Gahagan, G. A. Swartzlander. Optical vortex trapping of particles. Opt. Lett., 21, 827-829(1996).

[3] J. Wang, J.-Y. Yang, I. M. Fazal, N. Ahmed, Y. Yan, H. Huang, Y. Ren, Y. Yue, S. Dolinar, M. Tur, A. E. Willner. Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Nat. Photonics, 6, 488-496(2012).

[4] P. Senthilkumaran. Optical phase singularities in detection of laser beam collimation. Appl. Opt., 42, 6314-6320(2003).

[5] K. Sueda, G. Miyaji, N. Miyanaga, M. Nakatsuka. Laguerre-Gaussian beam generated with a multilevel spiral phase plate for high intensity laser pulses. Opt. Express, 12, 3548-3553(2004).

[6] C. Hnatovsky, V. G. Shvedov, W. Krolikowski, A. V. Rode. Materials processing with a tightly focused femtosecond laser vortex pulse. Opt. Lett., 35, 3417-3419(2010).

[7] M. W. Beijersbergen, R. P. C. Coerwinkel, M. Kristensen, J. P. Woerdman. Helical-wavefront laser beams produced with a spiral phase plate. Opt. Commun., 112, 321-327(1994).

[8] N. R. Heckenberg, R. McDuff, C. P. Smith, A. G. White. Generation of optical phase singularities by computer-generated holograms. Opt. Lett., 17, 221-223(1992).

[9] S. Ngcobo, I. Litvin, L. Burger, A. Forbes. A digital laser for on-demand laser modes. Nat. Commun., 4, 2289(2013).

[10] L. Marrucci, C. Manzo, D. Paparo. Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in inhomogeneous anisotropic media. Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 163905(2006).

[11] E. Karimi, B. Piccirillo, E. Nagali, L. Marrucci, E. Santamato. Efficient generation and sorting of orbital angular momentum eigenmodes of light by thermally tuned q-plates. Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, 231124(2009).

[12] K. Dholakia, N. B. Simpson, M. J. Padgett, L. Allen. Second-harmonic generation and the orbital angular momentum of light. Phys. Rev. A, 54, R3742-R3745(1996).

[13] M. W. Beijersbergen, L. Allen, H. E. L. O. van der Veen, J. P. Woerdman. Astigmatic laser mode converters and transfer of orbital angular momentum. Opt. Commun., 96, 123-132(1993).

[14] J. Hamazaki, R. Morita, Y. Kobayashi, S. Tanda, T. Omatsu. Laser ablation using a nanosecond optical vortex pulse. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on CLEO/Europe-EQEC, CC1.5THU(2009).

[15] D. L. Andrews, L. C. Dávila Romero, M. Babiker. On optical vortex interactions with chiral matter. Opt. Commun., 237, 133-139(2004).

[16] G. F. Quinteiro, J. Berakdar. Electric currents induced by twisted light in quantum rings. Opt. Express, 17, 20465-20475(2009).

[17] Y. S. Lee. Principles of Terahertz Science and Technology(2009).

[18] M. Bock, J. Jahns, R. Grunwald. Few-cycle high-contrast vortex pulses. Opt. Lett., 37, 3804-3806(2012).

[19] Z. Qiao, L. Kong, G. Xie, Z. Qin, P. Yuan, L. Qian, X. Xu, J. Xu, D. Fan. Ultraclean femtosecond vortices from a tunable high-order transverse-mode femtosecond laser. Opt. Lett., 42, 2547-2550(2017).

[20] S. Wang, S. Zhang, H. Yang, J. Xie, S. Jiang, G. Feng, S. Zhou. Direct emission of chirality controllable femtosecond LG₀₁ vortex beam. Appl. Phys. Lett., 112, 201110(2018).

[21] S. Wang, Z. Zhao, I. Ito, Y. Kobayashi. Direct generation of femtosecond vortex beam from a Yb:KYW oscillator featuring a defect-spot mirror. OSA Continuum, 2, 523-530(2019).

[22] G. Huber, T. Kellner, H. M. Kretschmann, T. Sandrock, H. Scheife. Compact diode pumped cw solid-state lasers in the visible spectral region. Opt. Mater., 11, 205-216(1999).

[23] M. Gaponenko, P. W. Metz, A. Härkönen, A. Heuer, T. Leinonen, M. Guina, T. Südmeyer, G. Huber, C. Kränkel. SESAM mode-locked red praseodymium laser. Opt. Lett., 39, 6939-6941(2014).

[24] K. Iijima, R. Kariyama, H. Tanaka, F. Kannari. Pr³⁺:YLF mode-locked laser at 640 nm directly pumped by InGaN-diode lasers. Appl. Opt., 55, 7782-7787(2016).

[25] Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, D. Y. Tang. Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers. Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, 3077-3083(2009).

[26] H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, K. P. Loh. Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene. Opt. Express, 17, 17630-17635(2009).

[27] Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, A. C. Ferrari. Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser. ACS Nano, 4, 803-810(2010).

[28] B. Xu, Y. Cheng, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, J. Peng, Z. Luo, H. Xu, Z. Cai, J. Weng, R. Moncorgé. Passively Q-switched Nd:YAlO₃ nanosecond laser using MoS₂ as saturable absorber. Opt. Express, 22, 28934-28940(2014).

[29] Y. X. Zhang, H. H. Yu, R. Zhang, G. Zhao, H. J. Zhang, Y. X. Chen, L. M. Mei, M. R. Tonelli, J. Y. Wang. Broadband atomic-layer MoS₂ optical modulators for ultrafast pulse generations in the visible range. Opt. Lett., 42, 547-550(2017).

[30] B. Xu, Y. Wang, J. Peng, Z. Luo, H. Xu, Z. Cai, J. Weng. Topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ based Q-switched Nd:LiYF₄ nanosecond laser at 1313 nm. Opt. Express, 23, 7674-7680(2015).

[31] Z. Dou, Y. Song, J. Tian, J. Liu, Z. Yu, X. Fang. Mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on topological insulator: Bi₂Se₃. Opt. Express, 22, 24055-24061(2014).

[32] Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen, D. Tang, D. Fan. Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and mode-locking laser operation. Opt. Express, 23, 12823-12833(2015).

[33] S. B. Lu, L. L. Miao, Z. N. Guo, X. Qi, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, D. Y. Tang, D. Y. Fan. Broadband nonlinear optical response in multilayer black phosphorus: an emerging infrared and mid-infrared optical material. Opt. Express, 23, 11183-11194(2015).

[34] Z. Guo, H. Zhang, S. Lu, Z. Wang, S. Tang, J. Shao, Z. Sun, H. Xie, H. Wang, X. Yu, P. Chu. From black phosphorus to phosphorene: basic solvent exfoliation, evolution of Raman scattering, and applications to ultrafast photonics. Adv. Funct. Mater., 25, 6996-7002(2015).

[35] P. Li, Y. Chen, T. Yang, Z. Wang, H. Lin, Y. Xu, L. Li, H. Mu, B. N. Shivananju, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, A. Pan, S. Li, D. Tang, B. Jia, H. Zhang, Q. Bao. Two-dimensional CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite nanosheets for ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 12759-12765(2017).

[36] Y. Song, X. Shi, C. Wu, D. Tang, H. Zhang. Recent progress of study on optical solitons in fiber lasers. Appl. Phys. Rev., 6, 021313(2019).

[37] X. Li, W. Cai, J. An, S. Kim, D. Yang, R. Piner, A. Velamakani, I. Jung, E. Tutuc, S. Banerjee, L. Colombo, R. Ruoff. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science, 324, 1312-1314(2009).

[38] Y. F. Chen, T. M. Huang, C. F. Kao, C. L. Wang, S. C. Wang. Generation of Hermite-Gaussian modes in fiber-coupled laser-diode end-pumped lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 33, 1025-1031(1997).

[39] X. Huang, B. Xu, S. Cui, H. Xu, Z. Cai, L. Chen. Direct generation of vortex laser by rotating induced off-axis pumping. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum, 24, 1601606(2018).

[40] D. J. Kim, J. W. Kim. Direct generation of an optical vortex beam in a single-frequency Nd:YVO₄ laser. Opt. Lett., 40, 399-401(2015).

[41] Z. Qiao, G. Q. Xie, Y. Wu, P. Yuan, J. Ma, L. J. Qian, D. Y. Fan. Generating high-charge optical vortices directly from laser up to 288th order. Laser Photon. Rev., 12, 1800019(2018).

CLP Journals