In this study, to address the problem of limited adaptability and accuracy of the exact measuring angle method, which only calibrates the principal point and distortion in a one-dimensional direction with a line-scan camera, a two-dimensional high-precision calibration method for a line-scan camera was proposed. First, the inner orientation elements model of a line-scan camera was analyzed. Then, a two-dimensional calibration method based on a two-axis precise rotation stage was proposed for the model. Detailed calibration steps and data processing methods were also given. Finally, the calibration results of the proposed method were compared with those of the exact measuring angle method. The results show that the reprojection error of the calibration method proposed in this study is 0.34 pixels, which is a significant improvement in calibration precision when compared to the 1.25 pixels of the exact measuring angle method. The proposed calibration method does not require alignment, and the calibration process is simple.