The optical signal is distorted in the atmospheric turbulence， after passing through the defective optical antenna and the space optical hybrid， there are problems of low hybrid efficiency and jitter. According to the influence of 90° space optical hybrid with space output and single-mode output， the hybrid efficiency model of space optical hybrid with primary aberration is derived. Then the influence of aberration and turbulence on hybrid efficiency is studied. The simulation results show that for the space output 90° space optical hybrid with a target radius of 50 μm of the detector， the tilt， spherical aberration， defocus，coma，and astigmatism with aberration of 0.2λ cause the hybrid efficiency to decrease by 9.8%， 0.6%， 0.36%， 0.02% and 0.01%， respectively. Astigmatism and coma have no effect on the hybrid efficiency. For the single-mode output hybrid， the tilt， astigmatism， defocus， coma， and spherical aberration with aberration of 0.2λ cause the hybrid efficiency to decrease by 14.11%， 8.39%， 6.35%， 2.63% and 1.13%， respectively. When the turbulence intensity Cn²<6.4×10^-17 m^-2/3， the hybrid efficiency of the spatial output type is more than 0.19 higher than that of the single-mode output 90° space optical hybrid， and when the turbulence intensity Cn²>6.4×10^-16 m^-2/3 ， the hybrid efficiency of the two is close to zero. Finally， the space output and single-mode output optical hybrid are designed and processed， and the performance test platform is built. For the space output hybrid with a detector target surface radius of 50 μm， the tilt， spherical aberration， and defocus of 0.2λ cause the hybrid efficiency to decrease by 52%， 10%， and 6%； for the single-mode output hybrid， the tilt， astigmatism and defocus with aberration of 0.2λ cause the hybrid efficiency to decrease by 65%， 24% and 11%. Other aberrations have no effect on the hybrid efficiency.The experimental results of turbulence on the hybrid performance show that the standard deviation of the intermediate frequency signal value of the space output optical hybrid is 21.388， which is much lower than that of single-mode output standard deviation 247.442.