• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 13, Issue 1, 150 (2025)
Yang Fu1, Xiaofeng Zhou1, Houyuan Cheng1, Yuejie Yang1..., Xiangli Zhou1, Fan Ding2, Jing Jin1 and Helin Yang1,*|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
  • 2Hanjiang National Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.535340 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yang Fu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Houyuan Cheng, Yuejie Yang, Xiangli Zhou, Fan Ding, Jing Jin, Helin Yang, "Reconfigurable spin-decoupled conformal metasurface: 3D-printing with independent beam shaping and multi-focusing dual-channel reconfigurability techniques," Photonics Res. 13, 150 (2025) Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    This paper describes a 3D-printed conformal reconfigurable spin-decoupled metasurface and supports both independent beam shaping and dual-channel reconfigurability. The increasing complexity of metasurface structures and reconfigurable spin-decoupling among conformal structures are rarely reported due to their challenging properties. In this paper, a reconfigurable metasurface based on 3D-printing technology is proposed for reconfigurable spin-decoupled curved structures at 13.5–14.5 GHz. Curved surface spin-decoupling is realized for the first time and verified by simulation and experiment. Beam deflection (20° and 35°) and near-field focusing (100 mm and 150 mm) were achieved at different circularly polarized wave incidences. Switching the beam between the two states was achieved by incorporating the water-based metasurface. As a proof of concept, metasurfaces that have anomalous reflections in both channels were fabricated and measured. Furthermore, reconfigurable spin-decoupling was achieved using a water-based metasurface. This work extends the phase engineering approach in metasurfaces and may have a wide range of applications in communications, sensing, imaging, and camouflage.
    ψ(x,y)=2πλxsinα.

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    ψF(x,y)=2πλ(x2+y2+F2F).

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    sinθrsinθi=λ02πnidϕdx,(B1)

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    sinθrsinθi=1k0dϕdx,(B2)

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    θr=α+θ,θi=αθ,(B3)

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    dϕ=2k0cosαsinθdx.(B4)

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    ϕ=2k0hcosα.(B5)

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    δ=π2k0hcosα.(B6)

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    λL=[λxLλyL]=[1i],λR=[λxRλyR]=[1i].(B7)

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    J(x,y)[1i]=eiψL(x,y)[1i],for  LHCP,(B8)

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    J(x,y)[1i]=eiψR(x,y)[1i],for  RHCP.(B9)

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    J(x,y)=[eiψL(x,y)eiψR(x,y)i·eiψL(x,y)i·eiψL(x,y)][11ii]1=12[eiψL(x,y)+eiψR(x,y)ieiψR(x,y)ieiψL(x,y)ieiψR(x,y)ieiψL(x,y)eiψL(x,y)eiψR(x,y)].(B10)

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    J(x,y)=QAQ1=[cosθ(x,y)sinθ(x,y)sinθ(x,y)cosθ(x,y)]  [eiψx(x,y)00eiψy(x,y)][cosθ(x,y)sinθ(x,y)sinθ(x,y)cosθ(x,y)]1,(B11)

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    ψx(x,y)=12(ψL(x,y)+ψR(x,y)),ψy(x,y)=12(ψL(x,y)+ψR(x,y))π,θ(x,y)=14(ψL(x,y)ψR(x,y)).(B12)

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    Yang Fu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Houyuan Cheng, Yuejie Yang, Xiangli Zhou, Fan Ding, Jing Jin, Helin Yang, "Reconfigurable spin-decoupled conformal metasurface: 3D-printing with independent beam shaping and multi-focusing dual-channel reconfigurability techniques," Photonics Res. 13, 150 (2025)
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