Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau

Yuxue FENG; Guangdong LI

doi:10.11821/dlxb202007005

Journals >Acta Geographica Sinica >Volume 75 >Issue 7 >Page 1386 > Article

Acta Geographica Sinica
Vol. 75, Issue 7, 1386 (2020)

Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau

Yuxue FENG^1、2 and Guangdong LI^1、2、*

Author Affiliations

¹Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

²College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202007005 Cite this Article

Yuxue FENG, Guangdong LI. Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(7): 1386 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. The study area of Tibetan Plateau

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Fig. 2. Framework of research on the interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

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Fig. 3. Temporal evolution of comprehensive evaluation index of the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai and Tibet from 2000 to 2015

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Fig. 4. Temporal evolution of comprehensive evaluation index of urbanization for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015

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Fig. 5. Spatial evolution of evaluation index of urbanization for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015

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Fig. 6. Temporal evolution of evaluation index of eco-environment for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015

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Fig. 7. Spatial evolution of evaluation index of eco-environment for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015

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Fig. 8. Temporal evolution of coupling coordination degree in the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai and Tibet from 2000 to 2015

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Fig. 9. Temporal evolution of coupling coordination degree for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015

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Fig. 10. Coupling types of urbanization and eco-environment for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau

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Fig. 11. Decoupling relationship between eco-environment index and urbanization index for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau

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	熵值法权重	层次分析法权重	综合权重	指标层	熵值法权重	层次分析法权重	综合权重
人口城镇化	0.1991	0.1238	0.1582	城镇人口密度(人/km²)	0.5461	0.3333	0.4130
人口城镇化	0.1991	0.1238	0.1582	城镇人口占比(%)	0.5518	0.6667	0.5870
经济城镇化	0.4027	0.3875	0.3981	人均地区生产总值(万元)	0.2689	0.4704	0.3558
				第二、三产值占GDP比重(%)	0.2725	0.2797	0.2762
				财政收入占地区生产总值比重(%)	0.2721	0.1142	0.1764
				全社会固定资产投资总额(万元)	0.2699	0.1358	0.1916
空间城镇化	0.1050	0.1011	0.1038	每万人城市建成区面积(km²)	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
社会城镇化	0.2996	0.3875	0.3398	城镇居民人均可支配收入(元)	0.3695	0.5499	0.4369
				每万人拥有卫生机构数量(个)	0.3797	0.2098	0.2735
				社会消费品零售总额(万元)	0.3719	0.2402	0.2896

Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation indexes of urbanization and index weight

准则层	熵值法权重	层次分析法权重	综合权重	指标层	熵值法权重	层次分析法权重	综合权重
生态系统结构	0.3709	0.3145	0.3464	草地覆盖率(%)(+)	0.2182	0.2234	0.2209
				湿地占比(%)(+)	0.2019	0.1829	0.1923
				森林覆盖率(%)(+)	0.1677	0.1688	0.1684
				冰川占比(%)(+)	0.1968	0.1829	0.1898
				植被覆盖指数(+)	0.2155	0.2420	0.2285
生态环境功能	0.1480	0.2845	0.2081	生态空间占比(%)(+)	0.5412	0.4013	0.4707
生态环境功能	0.1480	0.2845	0.2081	生态系统服务价值(元)(+)	0.4588	0.5987	0.5293
生态环境压力	0.2470	0.2005	0.2257	PM_2.5平均浓度(μg)(-)	0.3317	0.2702	0.3001
				CO₂排放量(万t)(-)	0.3339	0.3528	0.3440
				生物栖息地侵占量(hm²)(-)	0.3345	0.3771	0.3560
生态环境格局	0.2341	0.2005	0.2197	景观破碎度(-)	0.3446	0.3548	0.3502
				景观连通性(+)	0.3166	0.3548	0.3356
				景观多样性(+)	0.3388	0.2905	0.3142

Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation indexes of eco-environment and index weight

大类	协调发展度	亚类	F(x)与G(y)对比关系	基本类型
协调发展类	0.60~1.00	协调发展类(Ⅳ)	F(x)-G(y) > 0.1	协调发展类生态环境滞后型(Ⅳ-1)
			\|F(x)-G(y)\| ≤ 0.1	协调发展类城镇化生态环境同步型(Ⅳ-2)
			G(y)-F(x) > 0.1	协调发展城镇化滞后型(Ⅳ-3）
过渡类	0.50~0.59	勉强协调发展类(Ⅲ)	F(x)-G(y) > 0.1	勉强协调发展类生态环境滞后型(Ⅲ-1)
			\|F(x)-G(y)\| ≤ 0.1	勉强协调发展类城镇化生态环境同步型(Ⅲ-2)
			G(y)-F(x) > 0.1	勉强协调发展类城镇化滞后型(Ⅲ-3)
	0.40~0.49	濒临失调衰退类(Ⅱ)	F(x)-G(y) > 0.1	濒临失调衰退类生态环境滞后型(Ⅱ-1)
			\|F(x)-G(y)\| ≤ 0.1	濒临失调衰退类城镇化生态环境共损型(Ⅱ-2)
			G(y)-F(x) > 0.1	濒临失调衰退类城镇化滞后型(Ⅱ-3)
失调类	0.00~0.39	失调衰退类(Ⅰ)	F(x)-G(y) > 0.1	失调衰退类生态环境滞后型(Ⅰ-1)
			\|F(x)-G(y)\| ≤ 0.1	失调衰退类城镇化生态环境共损型(Ⅰ-2)
			G(y)-F(x) > 0.1	失调衰退类城镇化滞后型(Ⅰ-3)

Table 3. Classification standards of coordinated development in urbanization and eco-environment

状态		生态环境指数增长率	城镇化指数增长率	脱钩指数DI
脱钩	衰退脱钩	-	-	DI ≥ 1.2
	强脱钩	-	+	DI < 0
	弱脱钩	+	+	0 ≤ DI < 0.8
连接	扩张连接	+	+	0.8 ≤ DI < 1.2
连接	衰退连接	-	-	0.8 ≤ DI < 1.2
负脱钩	扩张负脱钩	+	+	DI ≥ 1.2
	强负脱钩	+	-	DI < 0
	弱负脱钩	-	-	0 ≤ DI < 0.8

Table 4. Classification standards of decoupling states

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
青藏高原	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3
青海省	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3
西藏自治区	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅱ-3	Ⅲ-3
	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
青藏高原	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅳ-3	Ⅳ-3	Ⅳ-2	Ⅳ-2
青海省	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅳ-2	Ⅳ-2	Ⅳ-2	Ⅳ-2	Ⅳ-1	Ⅳ-1
西藏自治区	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅲ-3	Ⅳ-3	Ⅳ-3	Ⅳ-3	Ⅳ-3

Table 5. Coupling types of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai and Tibet

年份	ΔE	ΔU	DI	脱钩程度
2001	-0.02	0.01	-0.35	强脱钩
2002	0.00	0.01	-0.06	弱脱钩
2003	0.00	0.01	-0.02	弱脱钩
2004	-0.02	0.01	-0.44	强脱钩
2005	0.02	0.01	0.38	弱脱钩
2006	0.00	0.02	-0.06	弱脱钩
2007	0.00	0.02	-0.05	弱脱钩
2008	-0.01	0.02	-0.09	强脱钩
2009	0.00	0.02	-0.04	弱脱钩
2010	-0.02	0.03	-0.23	强脱钩
2011	0.00	0.03	0.03	弱脱钩
2012	-0.01	0.04	-0.08	强脱钩
2013	-0.03	0.04	-0.39	强脱钩
2014	-0.04	0.04	-0.69	强脱钩
2015	0.05	0.04	0.86	扩张连接

Table 6. The growth rates of eco-environment index and urbanization index and their decoupling relationship in the Tibetan Plateau

年份	地区	ΔE	ΔU	DI	状态	地区	ΔE	ΔU	DI	状态
2001	青海	-0.0214	0.0134	-0.5817	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0009	0.0172	-0.0118	强脱钩
2002	青海	0.0041	0.0095	0.1747	弱脱钩	西藏	-0.0073	0.0144	-0.1317	强脱钩
2003	青海	-0.0024	0.0101	-0.0997	强脱钩	西藏	0.0041	0.0100	0.1176	弱脱钩
2004	青海	-0.0234	0.0089	-1.1814	强脱钩	西藏	0.0009	0.0094	0.0275	弱脱钩
2005	青海	0.0243	0.0152	0.7844	弱脱钩	西藏	0.0003	0.0072	0.0142	弱脱钩
2006	青海	-0.0049	0.0178	-0.1381	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0006	0.0129	-0.0159	强脱钩
2007	青海	-0.0054	0.0214	-0.1362	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0016	0.0330	-0.0167	强脱钩
2008	青海	-0.0049	0.0231	-0.1254	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0018	0.0167	-0.0437	强脱钩
2009	青海	0.0013	0.0229	0.0356	弱脱钩	西藏	-0.0017	0.0188	-0.0383	强脱钩
2010	青海	-0.0146	0.0319	-0.3197	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0009	0.0251	-0.0168	强脱钩
2011	青海	0.0034	0.0408	0.0662	弱脱钩	西藏	-0.0004	0.0238	-0.0094	强脱钩
2012	青海	-0.0014	0.0421	-0.0280	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0028	0.0322	-0.0481	强脱钩
2013	青海	-0.0260	0.0400	-0.6294	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0029	0.0374	-0.0463	强脱钩
2014	青海	-0.0454	0.0414	-1.2288	强脱钩	西藏	-0.0096	0.0345	-0.1862	强脱钩
2015	青海	0.0500	0.0404	1.6851	扩张负脱钩	西藏	0.0053	0.0536	0.0730	弱脱钩

Table 7. The growth rates of eco-environment index and urbanization index and their decoupling relationship in Qinghai and Tibet

预测单元	青藏高原	青海	西藏	阿里	昌都	果洛	海北	海东	海南
平均相对误差(%)	1.76	1.97	1.97	2.57	0.83	0.94	2.32	1.56	2.47
相对精度(%)	98.24	98.02	98.04	97.42	99.16	99.06	97.67	98.44	97.53
C值	0.07	0.17	0.09	0.12	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.13	0.14
预测单元	海西	黄南	拉萨	林芝	那曲	日喀则	山南	西宁	玉树
平均相对误差(%)	3.41	1.22	1.07	1.05	1.42	0.90	0.55	1.02	2.54
相对精度(%)	96.58	98.77	98.93	98.95	98.57	99.10	99.45	98.98	97.47
C值	0.43	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.12	0.05	0.04	0.12	0.10

Table 8. Prediction accuracies of future changes in coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

预测单元	青藏高原	青海	西藏	阿里	昌都	果洛	海北	海东	海南
2020年预测值	0.81	0.76	0.78	0.84	0.69	0.81	0.81	0.68	0.75
2025年预测值	0.96	0.85	0.90	0.98	0.80	0.96	0.95	0.76	0.86
预测单元	海西	黄南	拉萨	林芝	那曲	日喀则	山南	西宁	玉树
2020年预测值	0.63	0.88	0.82	0.78	0.72	0.74	0.83	0.73	0.81
2025年预测值	0.64	0.90	0.93	0.90	0..81	0.86	0.97	0.81	0.99

Table 9. Predictions of future changes in coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

Yuxue FENG, Guangdong LI. Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(7): 1386

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