To achieve the accurate detection of 14th-magnitude targets, a large-field-of-view optical detec. tion system was designed. First, according to the selected CCD231-84 E2V photodetector, the initial pa. rameters, such as system entrance pupil and focal length, were calculated. Then, based on the selected pa. rameters, the initial structure was selected, and the form of the Maxutov telescope was selected and im. proved. Then, the detection performance of the design results was analyzed. Finally, a tolerance analysis and optimization of the designed system were conducted so that it could meet the needs of processing and assembly. The design and analysis results indicate that the optical detection system adopts a spherical catadioptric mirror surface, the total length of the system is 350 mm, the full field of view for a 30 μm sur. rounding energy distribution is >86%, and the maximum distortion is <1%. The system has a large field of view, aperture, and relative aperture. It is compact and of suitable size, easy to install, and offers high detection performance, high detection sensitivity, and a wide detection range, making it useful for the ac. curate detection of targets.