Rural transformation and adaptive evolution path are important research contents in the field of rural sustainable development, which have an important theoretical and practical significance for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and the realization of its multiple goals. Through the key time point of national institutional (strategic) changes, this research combed the development stages of typical rural cases in China, and clarified the regime evolution characteristics of rural transformation and adaptation in the case. On the basis of constructing a theoretical analysis framework for rural adaptive evolution, it took the village with obvious regime evolution as an empirical case, combined questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, and evaluated the system adaptive capacity (results) and effects of rural farmers' livelihood response under rural adaptive evolution. This study revealed the adaptive evolution path and mechanism of the correlation between rural regime shifts and micro farmers' livelihoods based on induction and grey correlation analysis. The results were shown as follows. (1) After the transition from the traditional agricultural regime to the rural tourism regime, the coexistence of rural economic development, environmental damage, and social contradiction risks emerged. The response of rural farmers' livelihood adaptation choices to rural transformation was diversified. (2) There were significant differences in the resilience of farmers' livelihood in different adaptation paths. The livelihoods' resilience of the type of upgrade and expansion was relatively high, while that of the type of maintenance and replacement were relatively low. (3) Rural regime shifts (R1 to Rn) and farmer's livelihood adaptation (P1 to P5) presented an evolutionary path of coordination and differentiation. Factors like infrastructure, policy support, and ecological environment were the key influencing variables of adaptive evolution of the relationship between rural transformation and farmers' livelihood.