Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials possess unique electron structures and quantum size effects, and have received extensive attention in the fields like optoelectronics devices. Among them, the 2D group IV-VI semiconductors have become one of the research focuses recently due to the advantages as low-cost, earth-abundant, and environment-friendly characteristics. The unique crystal structures of the 2D group IV-VI semiconductors are introduced, and the research progress on their preparation methods including mechanical exfoliation, liquid phase method and vapor deposition is reviewed. The research status of 2D group IV-VI semiconductors in the fields of effect transistors and optoelectronic devices is discussed. The suggestions are presented aiming at the current issues in the preparation and device applications and the future research directions.