In this paper, a new type of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) prefabricated cable trench was designed, and its bearing capacity and applicability were studied. The bending performance of the side plate was experimentally studied, and the test results were compared with the calculation results of the current three specifications. The results show that the calculated values of bearing capacity, stiffness and crack width based on “Technical specification for fiber reinforced concrete structures” (CECS 38-2004) are close to the experimental values. This specification can be used as the basis for the design of UHPC prefabricated cable trench components. The reliability of the connection mode between the bottom plate and the side plate was studied. Through the experimental study on the cast-in-situ, the connection mode with bolt constraint on the bottom plate and the cup joint, it is found that the deformation of the side plate of the cup joint specimen under load is obvious, and the bearing capacity is only 6.7 kN. Compared with the cast-in-situ joint specimen, the failure section of the bottom bolt connection is the same, the stiffness is slightly lower, and the ultimate bearing capacity is similar, which is about twice that of the cup joint specimen. It can ensure the overall resistance performance of UHPC prefabricated cable trench.