To suppress the influences of vehicle jolts and the load variations on one-dimensional (1D) laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV), a two-dimensional (2D) LDV is designed. As for the error parameters produced in the usage process of 2D LDV, the Kalman filtering calibration method with the auxiliary of the differential global positioning system (DGPS) is proposed. The effectiveness of this method is verified by an experiment of vehicle load navigation. The maximum horizontal position error and the maximum altitude error of the dead reckoning of the 2D LDV after compensation and the gyroscopes are 5.5 m and 0.36 m, respectively. The experimental results show that this calibration method proposed is effective, and the 2D LDV after compensation can not only greatly improve the horizontal positioning accuracy of navigation, but also give high precision altitude informations.