Spatial association is fundamental in understanding the theory and reality of the city-industry integration. This paper investigated the association between residential and industrial space based on historical maps and other data. Hot spot analysis and honeycomb grid method were used to quantify the association. The association was also analyzed at micro level to reveal its general mechanisms, and long-term and micro-level pattern. The results show that: (1) there is significant spatio-temporal association between the residential and industrial space, which experienced an evolution process featured by a strong-week-strong pattern. The two kinds of space were highly integrated before 1949 and planned economy period, but were gradually separated during the double-track period and the market economy. There is a new trend of the city-industry integration of residential, industrial and service space during the last decade driven by industrial upgrading. (2) The spatial pattern of the residential-industrial association transformed from arbitrary and irregular to consistent and regular, which reflected the transforming process of the residential space from industry-dependent to residence-dominant. (3) The evolution of the spatial association between residential and industrial space was driven by four major factors: the main body of residential space construction, industrial types, commuting conditions, and the influence of external space.