In order to promote the resource recycling of industrial waste residues, the industrial waste residues composite cementitious material (RC) and the corresponding foamed lightweight soil was prepared. The composite foaming agent was prepared by mixing rosin resin and protein foaming agents and surfactants by high-speed shear. The optimum process was optimized based on the fluidity, wet density and compressive strength of RC foamed soil with different foaming agents, stirring speed and stirring time. The mechanical properties of RC foamed soil and cement foamed soil were compared based on compressive strength at different wet densities and ages. The durability of RC foamed soil and cement foamed soil was compared based on dry shrinkage test and freeze-thaw cycle test. The composition of RC foamed soil was analyzed by XRD. The results show that the composite foaming agent combines the advantages of good stability of rosin resin foaming agent and high foaming multiple of protein foaming agent. The optimum stirring speed is 200 r/min and the stirring time is 2 min for the preparation of RC foamed soil. The fluidity of the two kinds of foamed soil of RC and cement meet the requirements of the specification, and the initial compressive strength is equivalent.With the increase of age, the growth of RC foamed soil strength is higher than that of cement foamed soil. At 28 d and 56 d, the strength of RC foamed soil is 1.21 times and 1.35 times of the corresponding strength of cement foamed soil respectively.The dry shrinkage and freeze-thaw resistance of RC foamed soil are better than those of cement foamed soil in the same condition. Compared with cement hydration products, RC hydration products contain newly added ettringite and higher content of hydrated calcium silicate.