Due to the uneven distribution of atmospheric aerosol, the detection performance of Satellite Laser Ranging in atmospheric aerosol is researched based on the Slanting Transmission Model of the laser transmitted in atmospheric aerosol. The distribution of aerosol is divided into horizontal and vertical directions. The vertical direction is divided into infinite layers and the horizontal direction of each layer is regarded as the uniform distribution. Combining the scattering cross section and the scale distribution function of the aerosol particles, calculates the transmittance of the laser in each layer of aerosol, and integrals the atmospheric transmission of the laser finally. Compared with the empirical formula and Mie theory model, the transmittance value of laser in atmospheric aerosol calculated by Slanting Transmission Model is closer to the experimental value and the average of relative errors is only 3.5%, reducing by an order of magnitude, which indicates that the Slanting Transmission Model is suitable for calculating the relationship between the laser transmittance in aerosol, aerosol visibility, and telescope elevation. Combined with the lidar formula, the Slanting Transmission Model is used to simulate the satellite detection probability of different orbital in aerosol, the results demonstrate that the detection probability of MEO and LEO satellites are more than 40%, but the GEO satellites is only 15%. And the Satellite Laser Ranging in light haze can be realized by the detector with high detection efficiency and the laser with high power. The results can give a reasonable interpretation for the previous experiment reports and show a certain reference value to the upgrading of SLR system in the future.