The airborne optoelectronic platform suffers from interference such as friction, mass imbalance, motion coupling and airborne environment.The traditional PID controller has poor control performance and weak anti-interference ability.To solve this problem, a fractional order controller with good dynamic performance and strong robustness is designed.At the same time, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based on the improved velocity and inertia weight is proposed to adjust the five parameters of the fractional order controller.The simulation results show that the improved PSO algorithm has faster convergence rate and more accurate solution.The overshoot of the speed-loop control system of the optoelectronic platform is reduced to 0.13%, the isolation of sinusoidal disturbance is 64.06% higher than that of the traditional PSO algorithm, and the response speed and robustness are greatly improved.