Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of phase modulation, demodulation, and frequency multiplication.

Fig. 2. Experimental setup of the photonic frequency-multiplied mmW signal generation, wireless transmission, and detection. Insets (a) and (b) are the measured PSD of transmitted electrical signals after oversampling and after one-bit DSM. Inset (c), zeros and poles of the NFT. Inset (d), realized frequency response of the NTF.

Fig. 3. Measured optical spectra (0.02 nm resolution) captured by OSA. (a) Twofold 0.5-Gbaud and (b) fourfold 0.2-Gbaud CE-DSM vector mmW signal.

Fig. 4. Measured electrical spectra captured by DSA. (a) Twofold 0.5-Gbaud and (b) fourfold 0.2-Gbaud CE-DSM vector mmW signal.

Fig. 5. BER performance versus the ROP for (a) 10-GSa/s NRZ and (b) 4-GSa/s NRZ signals.

Fig. 6. (a) Frequency spectra of received one-bit DSM signal after equalization and LPF; (b) constellation of 4096-QAM vector mmW signal when ROP is −5 dBm.

Fig. 7. BER performance versus the ROP for (a) twofold 0.5-Gbaud and (b) fourfold 0.2-Gbaud vector mmW signals.

Fig. 8. BER/EVM of 40-GHz signal. (a) Twofold 0.5-Gbaud and (b) fourfold 0.2-Gbaud photonic frequency-multiplied 4096-QAM OFDM vector mmW signal versus ROP.

Table 1. Comparison of the Schemes for Generating High-Order Vector mmW Signals