Author Affiliations
1Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China2Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China3Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China4Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Principle diagram of the accompanying α-particle detection method
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the principle and structure of a neutron generator with an α-particle detector
Fig. 3. (a) Photo of ING-27 of VNIIA from Russia and (b) outline of API-120 from Thermo Electron Corporation USA
Fig. 4. RF-source-associated particle neutron generator structure diagram and device photo at Sandia National Laboratory, USA
Fig. 5. Neutron generator developed by the Xiao Kunxiang team of China Academy of Engineering Physics
Fig. 6. Structural diagram of the ZnS(Ag) α detector at Tsinghua University
Fig. 7. (a) LaBr
3(Ce) and NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors
[37], and (b) LYSO crystal γ detector used by Northeast Normal University
[38] Fig. 8. TNIS testing system for the EURITRACK Project
[35] Fig. 9. Diagrams of SWAN Hazard detection system in Poland (a) and FNMIS detection system in America (b)
Fig. 10. Explosive detection system jointly developed by the Northeast Normal University and China Institute of Atomic Energy
[57] 闪烁体 Scintillator | 光产额 Light yield / MeV | 光衰减时间 Decay time / ns | 折射率 Refractive index | 应用于爆炸物检测时的表现 Performance testing |
|---|
| ZnS(Ag) | — | 110 | 2.36 | 清华大学Tsinghua University： 时间分辨率Time resolution 1.5 ns 空间分辨率Spatial resolution 3 mm | | ZnO:Ga | 15 000 | 0.4 | 2.02 | 田纳西大学University of Tennessee： 时间分辨率Time resolution 52 ps 空间分辨率Spatial resolution < 1 mm | 中国原子能科学研究院(CIAE)： 时间分辨率Time resolution < 1 ns 空间分辨率Spatial resolution < 1 mm | | YAP:Ce | 25 000 | 25 | 1.96 | 美国ORNL： 时间分辨率Time resolution (478±48) ps 空间分辨率Spatial resolution 1.52 mm | 田纳西大学University of Tennessee： 时间分辨率Time resolution (216±14) ps 空间分辨率Spatial resolution 0.5 mm | 中国原子能科学研究院(CIAE)： 时间分辨率Time resolution 2.1 ns | | SiC semiconductor | 米兰理工学院API系统测试The API system of Milan Polytechnic： 时间分辨率Time resolution (117±11) p空间分辨率Spatial resolution 0.44 mm |
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Table 1. Comparison of typical alpha particle detector materials
材料 Materials | 相对NaI(TI) 光输出 Relatively NaI(TI) light output / % | 衰减时间 Decay time / ns | 能量分辨率 Energy resolution / % | 辐照硬度 Irradiation hardness / rad | 其他 Others |
|---|
| NaI(TI) | 100 | 230 | 7.8 | 10 | 价格便宜，但易潮解Cheap but deliquescent | | CsI(TI) | 45 | 900 | 7 | — | 价格昂贵，轻微潮解Cheap but deliquescent | | BGO | 15 | 300 | 12 | 102 | 部分波长探测不灵敏Some wavelength detection is not sensitive | | YAP:Ce | 70 | 25 | 10 | 106 | 性能受参杂度影响 The performance is affected by the impurity | | BaF2 | 5/15 | 0.6/600 | 2 | — | 存在严重的信号堆积Serious signal accumulation | | LYSO | 70⁓75 | 40 | 10 | 108 | 目前综合性能最优的晶体The best comprehensive performance of crystal | | LaBr3 | 130 | 25 | 2.9 | 103 | 价格较贵Expensive |
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Table 2. Comparison of typical γ-ray detector materials
| 试验检测结果Test results |
|---|
EURITRACK或者C-BORD项目[42] The project of EURITRACK or C-BORD | 10 min内可检测出隐藏在平均密度0.2 g·cm-3铁皮集装箱中100 kg的TNT炸药 100 kg of TNT hidden in a steel container with an average density of 0.2 g·cm-3 can be detected within 10 min | EU FP7 UNCOSS 项目[46] The project of EU FP7 UNCOSS | 10 min检测出水下未爆炸的7 kg TNT炸药 7 kg of unexploded TNT under water was detected in 10 min | 波兰SWAN系统[50] SWAN System in Poland | 测试TNT、海洛因等材料的N/C、O/C比，并与理论值比较。每次测试时间10 min Test material such as TNT and heroin which compared the theoretical ratio of N/C and O/C. Each test lasts 10 min | 美国NMIS系统[53] NMIS system in America | 测量和分析高浓缩铀、烈性炸药、Pu核素的几何结构和质量等 To measure and analyze the geometry structure and quality of enriched uranium, high explosives, Pu nuclides | 俄罗斯SENNA系统[71] SENNA system in Russian | 可以将400 g TNT样品从隐藏物中检测出来，97%的概率区分与其相似的有机物 A sample of 400 g of TNT can be detected from the cache, with 97% probability of distinguishing similar organics | 清华大学徐四大研究团队[62] Research team Professor Xu in Tsinghua University | 测炸药灵敏度为300 g，并达到每小时600件行李的检测速度 The sensitivity of explosive detection is 300 g, and the speed of 600 pieces of luggage per hour is reached | 东北师大研究团队[65,67] Research team of Northeast Normal University | 一般在3~5 min可从隐藏物中检测出300 g TNT样品 A sample of 300 g of TNT can be detected from the cache in 3~5 min | 中物院研究团队[68] Research team in China Academy of Engineering Physics | 最佳时3 min检测出75 g TNT样品 A sample of 75 g of TNT can be detected from the cache in 3 min |
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Table 3. Test results of different detection systems
