Fig. 1. Laser cladding deposition equipment

Fig. 2. Macroscopic appearances of tin-based Babbitt metal. (a) Laser cladding deposition process; (b) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by laser cladding deposition; (c) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by static casting; (d) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by centrifugal casting

Fig. 3. Microstructures of three kinds of tin-based Babbitt metals imaged by optical microscope. (a) Tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by laser cladding deposition; (b) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by static casting; (c) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by centrifugal casting

Fig. 4. Size of β-phase in three kinds of tin-based Babbitt metals and statistical mean size. (a) Tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by laser cladding deposition; (b) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by static casting; (c) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by centrifugal casting; (d) mean diameter

Fig. 5. Microstructures of three kinds of tin-based Babbitt metals about 7 mm from the interface. (a) Tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by laser cladding deposition; (b) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by static casting; (c) tin-based Babbitt metal obtained by centrifugal casting

Fig. 6. SEM microstructures and element distribution of three kinds tin-based Babbitt metals. (a) SEM microstructure of laser cladded tin-based Babbitt metal/steel interface; (b) elements map scanning of laser cladded tin-based Babbitt metal/steel interface; (c) SEM microstructure of statically cast tin-based Babbitt metal/steel interface; (d) element line scanning of statically cast tin-based Babbitt metal/steel interface; (e) SEM microstructure of centrifugally cast tin-based Babbitt metal/steel inter

Fig. 7. Indentation and mean micro-hardness of three kinds of tin-based Babbitt metal and SnSb in centrifugally cast tin-based Babbitt metal. (a) Laser cladded tin-based Babbitt metal; (b) statically cast tin-based Babbitt metal; (c) centrifugally cast tin-based Babbitt metal; (d) SnSb; (e) microhardness mean

Fig. 8. Friction coefficient and wear morphology of three kinds of tin-based Babbitt metals. (a) Friction coefficient; (b) laser cladded tin-based Babbitt metal; (c) statically cast tin-based Babbitt metal; (d) centrifugally cast tin-based Babbitt metal

Fig. 9. Nondestructive inspection of tin-based Babbitt metal. (a) Ultrasonic test; (b) coloring; (c) developing

Table 1. Chemical composition of tin-based Babbitt metal ZSnSb11Cu6

Table 2. Process parameters for LCD of tin-based Babbitt metal