Fig. 1. Scattering phase functions of different types of aerosol
Fig. 2. Scattering phase functions of two typical clouds
Fig. 3. Absorption coefficient of pure water
Fig. 4. Volume scattering function of clean ocean water
Fig. 5. Flow chart of Monte Carlo simulation
Fig. 6. Laser transmission characteristics above sea surface under different weather conditions
Fig. 7. Laser angular distributions below sea surface under different weather conditions
Fig. 8. Laser angular distributions in seawater under different weather conditions with wind speed of 10 m/s
Fig. 9. Laser angular distributions at 20 m, 60 m and 100 m depths with wind speed of 10 m/s
Fig. 10. Beam characteristics in seawater under different weather conditions with wind speed of 10 m/s
Fig. 11. Spot center energy at different depths under different weather conditions with wind speed of 10 m/s
Fig. 12. Beam characteristics at 20 m and 100 m depths with wind speed of 10 m/s
Height | Aerosol type | Attenuation coefficient/m-1 | Single scattering probability |
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0~2 km, boundary layer | Maritime | 1.3×10-4 | 1.00 | 2~12 km, troposphere | Continental | 5.0×10-6 | 0.86 | 12~50 km, stratosphere | H2SO4 | 1.3×10-7 | 1.00 |
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Table 1. Vertical distribution and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols with wavelength of 532 nm
Wavelength/nm | Dust-like | Water-soluble | Soot |
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532 | 1.530-8.00×10-3i | 1.530-6.00×10-3i | 1.750-0.450i |
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Table 2. Refractive indices of different components of continental aerosol
Type | Cloud base height/m | Thickness/m | Attenuation coefficient/m-1 | Single scattering probability | Visibility/m |
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Stratus (maritime) | 1 000 | 300 | 4.18×10-2 | 1 | 70 | Cirrus | 6 000 | 800 | 6.62×10-3 | 1 | 4 000 |
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Table 3. Vertical distribution and optical properties of clouds with wavelength of 532 nm
Transmitter | Receiver | Channel |
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Gaussian distribution | Area: 1 m2 Depth: 20 m, 60 m and 100 m | Weather conditions: | Divergent angle: 300 µrad | clear day (visibility 20 km), | Beam width: 20 mm | cloudy day (stratus, cirrus) | Wavelength: 532 nm | Water type: JII (0.5 mg/m3) | Height: 36 000 km | Wind speed: 1 m/s, 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s |
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Table 4. Simulation input parameters