Concrete materials in service are often affected by the coupling action of mechanical and environmental factors. Microcracks inside concrete occur due to the complex stress induced by the combined action of moisture, heat, chemistry and mechanics, promoting the ingress process of water and aggressive ions and further accelerating the durability degradation process of reinforced concrete structures. In order to delay the deterioration of mechanical properties and durability of concrete under severe environments, the self-healing mechanisms of crack within concrete crack through the microbial mineralization technology were investigated. Based on the mechanism of self-healing concrete and regarded the realization mode of microbial healing and its influence on durability of concrete, recent studies on the microbial self-healing of cement-based materials under mineralization were summarized. Finally, the application of different types of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology in cement-based materials was represented.