Higher strength and toughness concrete infrastructures are essential for resilient city construction. There are still some challenges in the existing mesoscopic model and fracture performance simulation research of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Herewith the secondary development of Abaqus pre-processing method aiding with Python softwarea three-dimensional mesoscopic model of SFRC was establishedand cohesive units were inserted globally to simulate the interface between the aggregate and concrete matrix to study the effects of volume content of steel fiber VSFconcrete matrix strengthand particle size of aggregate on the uniaxial compressive fracture performance of SFRC. Results show that in the range of 0% to 2.0%the larger the VSF isthe superior the rupture resistance of SFRC isand the greater the residual stress is. When VSF is 2.0%the stress of SFRC is 60.64% higher than that of concrete without steel fiber. When the strength of concrete matrix increasesthe maximum stress corresponding to C60 and C80 grade concrete increases by 6648% and 91.39%respectivelycompared with that for C40 grade concretethe toughness of SFRC also increases and the stress-step curve of SFRC becomes steeper in the elastic phase. In the 5~7 mm range of aggregate particle sizethe rupture resistance of SFRC increases significantly with the increase of aggregate particle size. Thereforeit can be concluded that the incorporation of dispersednon-directional ductile steel fiber into a brittle concrete matrix can effectively enhance the seismic toughness and rupture resistance of the corresponding concrete infrastructure.