To explore the feasibility of waste ceramic as aggregate in concrete engineering, the effects of ceramic coarse and fine aggregates on the mechanical properties of concrete were discussed through laboratory tests. The effects of different types and contents of ceramic aggregates on the compressive strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus of concrete were studied. A three-dimensional prediction model of concrete mechanical properties considering the content and type of waste ceramic aggregates was established. The results show that the internal curing effect of ceramic coarse aggregate increases the elastic modulus and compressive strength of concrete by 10.42%~12.28% on average. And the addition of ceramic fine aggregate reduces the elastic modulus and compressive strength of concrete by 7.57%~13.88% on average. The addition of ceramic coarse and fine aggregates reduces the flexural strength of concrete by 7.24%~10.52% on average. Besides, the similarities and differences between the mechanical properties of waste ceramic aggregate concrete and domestic and foreign specifications were obtained based on laboratory tests and domestic and foreign specifications. The established three-dimensional prediction model is suitable for the prediction of mechanical properties of waste ceramic aggregate concrete, which improves the accuracy of its two-dimensional model to a certain extent. The results provide some reference for the design and preparation of waste ceramic aggregate concrete, and provide some new ideas for the development of green concrete.