In order to reduce the dependence of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) calibration on turntable,and decrease its requirement to turntable control precision,we proposed a rapid accelerometer calibration method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm by analyzing the traditional model-observation-principle based iterative calibration method. At first,an objective optimization function was established based on model observation principle,which was taken as the fitness function of PSO algorithm for realizing the connection between the calibration method and PSO algorithm.Then,the accelerator calibration scheduling program was designed based on the estimated parameters sensitivity function corresponding to the maximum observation information.Finally,simulation was made to the proposed method and Newton iterative calibration method.The results show that,the proposed method is superior to the traditional Newton iterative calibration method in feasibility and effectiveness.