According to the characteristics of high speed scanning of laser beam of the optical waveguide phased array, a staring single aperture, direct detection of the receiving system was designed with a linear APD array for target detection and target location. Considering the structure characteristics of the linear APD array and the demand of target detection, the micro lens array(MLA)was used to reduce the light loss, improve the receiving signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) in design scheme. Based on the ladar equation and considering of the influence of background noise, the influence of the received angle of view on signal-to-noise ratio was calculated and analyzed, the method of target location(Angle) based on single aperture receiving system with the linear APD array was analyzed. The results showed that increasing the pixel number of an APD array, namely reducing the field of view of the APD pixel, could improve the output SNR of the detection system, and improve the target location accuracy at the same time when the field of view of the optical receiving system is fixed. On this basis, considering of the demand of detection range, signal-to-noise ratio, and target location accuracy, the size of the detector array and the receive field of view are chosen. Finally, the performance of the design receiving system has carried on the comprehensive analysis and calculation, the indicators met the design requirements of the system.