Firstly， the electronic structure control methods of photocatalysts based on two dimensional （2D） materials are briefly reviewed， including thickness control， element doping， defect engineering and heterojunction design， etc. Secondly， it is mainly introduced that the research progress of heterogeneous junctions composed of 2D materials and other semiconductor interfaces with different dimensions due to the unique advantages of heterogeneous junctions in reducing the rate of photoelectron hole recombination. Then the applications of new 2D photocatalytic materials in hydrogen evolution， CO₂ reduction， nitrogen fixation and pollutant degradation are introduced. It is shown that， compared with bulk materials， 2D materials have higher specific surface area， a large number of active sites on the surface， more effective separation of carriers in the catalyst， appropriate energy band structure， and adjustable light absorption zone， etc. At last the current research status and challenges are briefly summarized， and the prospect of application of 2D materials in photocatalysis is prospected .