Short distance acoustic communication technology under the oil well is the key to transmitting the borehole information measured by the near-bit sensor to the Measurement While Drilling(MWD). In order to explore the transmission characteristics of the sonic carrier signal in the short-distance drill pipe, the finite element method is adopted to establish a 1.28?m long drill pipe model, and an excitation load with a frequency of 20?Hz and a duty ratio of 50% is applied to the drill pipe to simulate the calculation of the radial receiving point response of the rod and the characteristic frequency of the drill rod structure. The transmission characteristics of the acoustic wave in the short distance drill rod are analyzed as well. The results show that when the drill pipe is subjected to an excitation load under the initial conditions, the acoustic signal at the receiving point of the drill pipe has an enveloping curve that decays exponentially, and its interior is a cosine periodic signal with gradually decreasing amplitude, and finally stable at a new equilibrium position; when the drill pipe continues to be loaded, the acoustic signal will continue to decay on the basis of the previous steady state, and eventually decays and stabilizes in the initial state. The simulation results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis and experimental results. This work can provide basic model for the simulation of sound wave transmission in multiple drill pipes.