Ni-based composite coatings with different nano-TiC/C additions are prepared by laser cladding on the 38CrMoAl steel substrate. The influence of nano-TiC/C on the microstructure and properties of the coatings is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness tester, and friction wear testing machine. The results show that the composite coatings mainly consist of γ-Ni, Ni3B, and M23C6 phases. But what changes is that with the increase of the nano-TiC/C additions, the numbers of the primary γ-Ni dendrites present the trend of first increasing and then decreasing, whereas their sizes change is reversed. The TiC particles are observed as the nano-TiC/C addition mass fraction is higher than 3.5%, and their sizes and number gradually increase with the further increase of the nano-TiC/C addition. The hardness values of the composite coatings gradually increase with increase of the nano-TiC/C additions, as a result of the refinement of the solidified structure and the reinforcement of the TiC particle. Whereas the wear resistance is the highest as nano-TiC/C addition is 5.0%, which results from high surface and internal perfections of the fine TiC particle, as well as its good compatible deformation capability with the surrounding matrix.