[1] Houghton J T, Ding Y, Griggs D J, et al. Climate Change 2001: the Scientific Basis ［M］. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[2] Ramanathan V, Crutzen P J, Kiehl J T, et al. Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle ［J］. Science, 2001, 294(5549): 2119-2124.
[3] Kaufman Y J, Tanre D, Boucher O. A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system ［J］. Nature, 2002, 419(6903): 215-223.
[4] Sarkar S, Chokngamwong R, Cervone G, et al. Variability of aerosol optical depth and aerosol forcing over India ［J］. Adv. Space Res., 2006, 37(12): 2153-2159.
[5] Che Huizheng, Shi Guangyu, Zhang Xiaoye. Aerosol optical characteristics and its direct radiative forcing in Beijing ［J］. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2007, 24(5): 699-704(in Chinese).
[6] Hu Rongming, Shi Guangyu. The radiative forcing and climate effect due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosols over China ［J］. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1998, 22(6): 919-925(in Chinese).
[8] Moorthy K K, Babu S S, Satheesh S K. Aerosol characteristics and radiative impacts over the Arabian Sea during the intermonsoon season: Results from ARMEX field campaign ［J］. J. Atmos. Sci., 2005, 62(1): 192-206.
[9] Anderson T L, Charlson R J, Bellouin N, et al. An “A-Train” strategy for quantifying direct climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols ［J］. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 2005, 86(12): 1795-1809.
[10] Yu H, Kaufman Y J, Chin M, et al. A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing ［J］. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2006, 6(3): 613-666.
[11] Magi B I, Fu Q, Redemann J, et al. Using aircraft measurements to estimate the magnitude and uncertainty of the shortwave direct radiative forcing of southern African biomass burning aerosol ［J］. J. Geophys. Res., 2008, 113(D5): D05213.1-D05213.18.
[12] Wang Yan. Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Direct Radiative Forcing ［D］. Beijing: Doctorial Dissertation of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 2010(in Chinese).
[13] Cai Fu, He Honglin, Liu Xin’an, et al. Estimation and spatio-temporal distribution of monthly mean surface albedo in China ［J］. Resources Science, 2005, 27(1): 114-120(in Chinese).
[14] Zhang Qiang, Wang Sheng, Wei Guoan. A study on parameterization of local land-surface physical processes on the Gobi of northwest China ［J］. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2003, 46(5): 616-623(in Chinese).
[15] Dubovik O, Smirnov A, Holben B N, et al. Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun and sky radiance measurements ［J］. J. Geophys. Res., 2000, 105(D8): 9791- 9806.
