Performance Comparison Between a Custom-Made Soft X-Ray Neutralizer and a Commercial Counterpart

Baoling LIANG; Hanbing XU; Jun ZHAO

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6141.2020.06.004

[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

[2] McMurry P H, Woo K S, Weber R, et al. Size distributions of 3-10 nm atmospheric particles: Implications for nucleation mechanisms[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences, 2000, 358(1775): 2625-2642.

[3] Woo K S, Chen D R, Pui D Y H, et al. Measurement of Atlanta aerosol size distributions: Observations of ultrafine particle events[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2001, 34(1): 75-87.

[4] Iida K, Stolzenburg M R, McMurry P H, et al. An ultrafine, water-based condensation particle counter and its evaluation under field conditions[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2008, 42(10): 862-871.

[5] Jiang J K, Lee M H, Biswas P. Model for nanoparticle charging by diffusion, direct photoionization, and thermionization mechanisms[J]. Journal of Electrostatics, 2007, 65: 209-220.

[6] Jiang J K, Hogan J C, Chen D R, et al. Aerosol charging and capture in the nanoparticle size range (6-15 nm) by direct photoionization and diffusion mechanisms[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2007, 102: 034904-034907.

[7] Kulkarni, Pramod N, Norikazu O, et al. Charging of particles in unipolar coronas irradiated by in-situ soft X-rays: Enhancement of capture efficiency of ultrafine particles[J]. Aerosol Science, 2002, 33(9): 1279-1296.

[8] Shimada M, Han B, Okuyama K, et al. Bipolar charging of aerosol nanoparticles by a soft X-ray photoionizer[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 2002, 35(8): 786-793.

[9] Han B, Shimada M, Okuyama K, et al. Classification of monodisperse aerosol particles using an adjustable soft X-ray charger[J]. Powder Technology, 2003, 135-136: 336-344.

[10] Han B, Shimada M, Okuyama K, et al. Unipolar charging of nanosized aerosol particles using soft X-ray photoionization[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2003, 37: 330-341.

[11] Yun K M, Lee S Y, Iskandar F. Effect of X-ray energy and ionization time on the charging performance and nanoparticle formation of a soft X-ray photoionization charger[J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2009, 20: 529-536.

[12] Jiang J K, Kim C M, Wang X L, et al. Aerosol charge fractions downstream of six bipolar chargers: Effects of ion source, source activity, and flowrate[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2009, 48(12): 1207-1216.

[13] Modesto-Lopez L B, Kettleson E M, Biswas P. Soft X-ray charger (SXC) system for use with electrospray for mobility measurement of bioaerosols[J]. Journal of Electrostatics, 2011, 69(4): 357-364.

[14] Liu Q L, Chen D R. An electrospray aerosol generator with X-ray photoionizer for particle charge reduction[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2014, 76: 148-162.

[15] Yoon Y H, Bong C, Kim D S. Evaluation of the performance of a soft X-ray charger for the bipolar charging of nanoparticles[J]. Particuology, 2015, 18: 165-169.

[16] Lee H M, Soo K C, Shimada M, et al. Bipolar diffusion charging for aerosol nanoparticle measurement using a soft X-ray charger[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2005, 36(7): 813-829.

[17] Liu Y L, Attoui M, Yang K J, et al. Size-resolved chemical composition analysis of ions produced by a commercial soft X-ray aerosol neutralizer[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2020, 147: 105586.

[18] Kallinger P, Steiner G, Szymanski W W. Characterization of four different bipolar charging devices for nanoparticle charge conditioning[J]. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2012, 14: 944.