原理 Principle | 高温作用于蛋白质和电解质，进而使微生物死亡 The heat acts on proteins and electrolytes, which in turn kills the microbes | 高压饱和水蒸汽或流通蒸汽灭菌、沸水喷淋等手段使微生物菌体中的蛋白质、核酸发生变性而使微生物死亡 High pressure saturated steam or circulating steam sterilization, boiling water spray and other means to denaturate the protein and nucleic acid in the microbial body and make the microorganism die | 热效应和非热效应 Thermal and nonthermal effects | 高浓度乙醇使微生物蛋白质凝结而死亡 High concentrations of ethanol cause microbial proteins to coagulate and die | 烷基化作用造成蛋白质失去反应基团，阻碍蛋白质的正常化学反应和新陈代谢 Alkylation results in the loss of reactive groups of proteins, hindering normal chemical reactions and metabolism of proteins | 利用臭氧的强氧化性使细菌的结构和正常的新陈代谢等遭到破坏 The strong oxidation of ozone destroys the structure and normal metabolism of bacteria | 60Co辐射源放出γ射线进行电离辐射杀灭物品中的微生物 60Co radiation sources emit gamma rays for ionizing radiation to kill microorganisms in articles | 由电子加速器发射出高能电子束达到灭菌效果 High energy electron beam is emitted by electron accelerator to achieve sterilization effect |
灭菌 条件 The sterilization conditions | 高温 High Temperature | 高温、高湿 High Temperature, High humidity | 高温 High Temperature | 常温 Normal Temperature | 常温、常湿 Normal temperature and moisture | 常温、常湿 Normal temperature and moisture | 常温常压 Normal Pressure and Temperature | 常温常压 Normal Pressure and Temperature |
优点 Advantages | 操作简单、成本低、对药效影响小 Simple operation, low cost, little effect on drug efficacy | 灭菌彻底、方法简便易行 The method is simple and feasible | 操作方便、作用时间短、升温快、杀菌效果好、对有效成分损失小 Easy to operate, short acting time, fast heating, good sterilization effect, small loss | 操作简单、成本低 Simple operation and low cost | 灭菌过程温度变化小、穿透力强、灭菌彻底 The sterilization process has small temperature change, strong penetration and thorough sterilization | 高效广谱、灭菌周期短、绿色环保、无残留 High efficiency, wide spectrum, short sterilization cycle, green environmental protection, no residue | 冷处理、穿透力强、操作简单、可连续作业 Cold treatment, strong penetration, simple operation, continuous operation | 较60Co-γ射线辐照运行成本低、辐照时间短、效果好 Compared with 60Co-γ ray irradiation, the operation cost is lower, the irradiation time is shorter and the effect is better |
缺点 Disadvantages | 穿透力差、受热不均匀、长时间高热容易使药物色泽发生变化，药粉甚至出现结块现象 Poor penetration, uneven heating, long time high heat easy to change the color of the drug, drug powder even appear agglomerate phenomenon | 高温高湿可能改变药性、成分、性状、颜色 High temperature and humidity may change medicine, composition, character, color | 穿透力差，对物料厚度有要求，含水量低的药材灭菌效果差 Poor penetration, material thickness requirements, low water content of medicinal materials have poor sterilization effect | 穿透力差，只适合表面消毒，某些中药经高温处理后同炮制中“酒炙”，影响药性 Poor penetration, only suitable for surface disinfection, some traditional Chinese medicine after high temperature treatment with the processing of "wine processing", affecting the medicinal properties | 环氧乙烷是易燃易爆的有毒气体，在室温条件下，很容易挥发成气体，当浓度过高时可引起爆炸 Ethylene oxide is a flammable and explosive toxic gas, which volatilizes easily at room temperature and can cause an explosion when the concentration is too high | 穿透力差，对环境湿度有要求 Poor penetration and requirements for environmental humidity | 灭菌周期长，设备投入高，辐照的品种有限，对人体有危害 Long sterilization cycle, high equipment investment, limited varieties of irradiation, harm to human body | 穿透力不如60Co-γ射线灭菌 The penetration was weaker than that of 60Co-γ-ray sterilization |
适用 范围 Scope of application | 适用于耐高温药材，不适于含糖量高、易挥发成分、黏液质多药材 Suitable for high temperature resistant medicinal materials, not suitable for high sugar content, volatile components, mucus and multiple medicinal materials | 含挥发成分的药材 不适宜 Herbs containing volatile components are not suitable. | 含热敏成分药材不适宜，对含水量高的药材灭菌效果更好 Not suitable for the medicinal materials containing heat-sensitive components, and the sterilization effect of the medicinal materials with high water content is better | 适宜表面消毒，不宜用于灭菌 Suitable for surface disinfection, not for sterilization | 含有挥发性成分及热敏成分中药材 Volatile and thermal components | 含挥发性、热敏性、糖分高、易霉变、富含油脂类成分的中药材 Volatile, heat sensitive, high sugar, easy to mold, rich in oil components | 适用于大部分中药 Suitable for most Traditional Chinese medicine | 适用于大部分中药 Suitable for most Traditional Chinese medicine |
设备 Equipment | 电加热热风循环干燥灭菌烘箱 Electric heating hot air circulation drying sterilization oven | 湿热灭菌柜 Damp heat sterilization cabinet | 微波干燥灭菌机 Microwave drying sterilizer | 蒸汽灭菌器 Steam sterilizer | 环氧乙烷灭菌器 Ethylene oxide sterilizer | 臭氧灭菌机 Ozone sterilizer | 60Co辐射系统 60Co radiation system | 电子束常温灭菌机 Electron beam normal temperature sterilizer |
