• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 12, Issue 8, 1802 (2024)
Zhiwei Guan1, Chaofeng Wang2, Chuangxin Xie1, Haisheng Wu1..., Junmin Liu3, Huapeng Ye4,6, Dianyuan Fan1, Jiangnan Xiao5,7 and Shuqing Chen1,*|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • 2College of Physics and Engineering Technology, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
  • 3College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
  • 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 5Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  • 6e-mail: yehp@m.scnu.edu.cn
  • 7e-mail: jiangnanxiao@usst.edu.cn
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.517503 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Zhiwei Guan, Chaofeng Wang, Chuangxin Xie, Haisheng Wu, Junmin Liu, Huapeng Ye, Dianyuan Fan, Jiangnan Xiao, Shuqing Chen, "Photonic crystal-connected bidirectional micro-ring resonator array for duplex mode and wavelength channel (de)multiplexing," Photonics Res. 12, 1802 (2024) Copy Citation Text show less
    Schematic of the on-chip bidirectional multi-dimensional (de)multiplexer employing PBMRA. Illustrations depict the operation principles of (a) the bidirectional micro-ring resonator array and (b) the single-level mode conversion facilitated by the photonic crystal.
    Fig. 1. Schematic of the on-chip bidirectional multi-dimensional (de)multiplexer employing PBMRA. Illustrations depict the operation principles of (a) the bidirectional micro-ring resonator array and (b) the single-level mode conversion facilitated by the photonic crystal.
    Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showcasing the fabricated multi-dimensional (de)multiplexer utilizing the PBMRAs. (a) Top view of the bidirectional micro-ring resonator (BMRR). (b) Top view of the inverse photonic-like crystal (IPC). (In the “l th” and “rth,” “l” denotes light waves received from the left drop port and “r” indicates transmission from the right drop port.)
    Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showcasing the fabricated multi-dimensional (de)multiplexer utilizing the PBMRAs. (a) Top view of the bidirectional micro-ring resonator (BMRR). (b) Top view of the inverse photonic-like crystal (IPC). (In the “l th” and “rth,” “l” denotes light waves received from the left drop port and “r” indicates transmission from the right drop port.)
    (a) Simulated intensity maps showing wavelengths of 1545.5 nm, 1550.0 nm, and 1554.5 nm decoupled from the left and right output ports of the BMRA, respectively. (b) Intensity distributions illustrating the mode conversion for TE0, TE1, and TE2 in the IPC TE mode (de)multiplexer.
    Fig. 3. (a) Simulated intensity maps showing wavelengths of 1545.5 nm, 1550.0 nm, and 1554.5 nm decoupled from the left and right output ports of the BMRA, respectively. (b) Intensity distributions illustrating the mode conversion for TE0, TE1, and TE2 in the IPC TE mode (de)multiplexer.
    (a) Experiment transmittance measurements of wavelengths 1545.5 nm, 1550.0 nm, and 1554.5 nm decoupled from the left and right drop ports of the BMRA, respectively. (b) Experiment transmittance measurements of TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes in the IPC TE mode (de)multiplexer.
    Fig. 4. (a) Experiment transmittance measurements of wavelengths 1545.5 nm, 1550.0 nm, and 1554.5 nm decoupled from the left and right drop ports of the BMRA, respectively. (b) Experiment transmittance measurements of TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes in the IPC TE mode (de)multiplexer.
    Experiment measurements of the coupling efficiency within the PBMRA. (l/r: input or output the light from the left/right drop port of the bidirectional micro-ring resonator.)
    Fig. 5. Experiment measurements of the coupling efficiency within the PBMRA. (l/r: input or output the light from the left/right drop port of the bidirectional micro-ring resonator.)
    (a) BER curves of the signal transmitted across nine multi-dimensional channels from the left end to the right end. (b) BER curves of the signal transmitted across nine multi-dimensional channels from the right end to the left end. (λ1,1545.5 nm; λ2,1550.0 nm; λ3,1554.5 nm). (c) Constellation of the signal transmitted across the multi-dimensional channels. (L/R: input or output the light from the left/right drop port of the bidirectional micro-ring resonator.)
    Fig. 6. (a) BER curves of the signal transmitted across nine multi-dimensional channels from the left end to the right end. (b) BER curves of the signal transmitted across nine multi-dimensional channels from the right end to the left end. (λ1,1545.5  nm; λ2,1550.0  nm; λ3,1554.5  nm). (c) Constellation of the signal transmitted across the multi-dimensional channels. (L/R: input or output the light from the left/right drop port of the bidirectional micro-ring resonator.)
    (a) Schematic of the simplex mode and wavelength channel (de)multiplexing communication system. (b) BER curves of the signal transmitted for 18 multi-dimensional channels supporting (b1) TE0, (b2) TE1, and (b3) TE2 modes, respectively. (λ1,1545.5 nm; λ2,1550.0 nm; λ3,1554.5 nm; L/R, decouple the signal from the left/right ports.)
    Fig. 7. (a) Schematic of the simplex mode and wavelength channel (de)multiplexing communication system. (b) BER curves of the signal transmitted for 18 multi-dimensional channels supporting (b1) TE0, (b2) TE1, and (b3) TE2 modes, respectively. (λ1,1545.5  nm; λ2,1550.0  nm; λ3,1554.5  nm; L/R, decouple the signal from the left/right ports.)
    Direct binary search (DBS) algorithm for the inverse-designed photonic crystal. (a) Pixelated representation of the photonic crystal region. (b) Optimization flow chart for the inverse-designed photonic crystal.
    Fig. 8. Direct binary search (DBS) algorithm for the inverse-designed photonic crystal. (a) Pixelated representation of the photonic crystal region. (b) Optimization flow chart for the inverse-designed photonic crystal.
    Effective refractive index of three distinct TE modes (TE0 to TE2) across the wavelength range of 1540 nm to 1570 nm, corresponding to various waveguide widths.
    Fig. 9. Effective refractive index of three distinct TE modes (TE0 to TE2) across the wavelength range of 1540 nm to 1570 nm, corresponding to various waveguide widths.
    Flow chart for the fabrication of the silicon-based waveguide device.
    Fig. 10. Flow chart for the fabrication of the silicon-based waveguide device.
    Illustration of the crossing waveguide. (a) Simulated intensity maps representing the horizontal and vertical transmission directions. (b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image displaying the fabricated crossing waveguide.
    Fig. 11. Illustration of the crossing waveguide. (a) Simulated intensity maps representing the horizontal and vertical transmission directions. (b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image displaying the fabricated crossing waveguide.
    SEM images and simulated intensity maps of bent waveguides with radii of (a) 1.4 μm and (b) 2.9 μm.
    Fig. 12. SEM images and simulated intensity maps of bent waveguides with radii of (a) 1.4 μm and (b) 2.9 μm.
    (a) Simulated transmittance spectra of wavelengths 1545.5 nm, 1550.0 nm, and 1554.5 nm decoupled from the left and right drop ports of the BMRA, respectively. (b) Simulated transmittance spectra of TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes in the IPC TE mode (de)multiplexer.
    Fig. 13. (a) Simulated transmittance spectra of wavelengths 1545.5 nm, 1550.0 nm, and 1554.5 nm decoupled from the left and right drop ports of the BMRA, respectively. (b) Simulated transmittance spectra of TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes in the IPC TE mode (de)multiplexer.
    Structural parameter deviation of the IPC TE mode multiplexer. (a) Demonstration of the mode multiplexer with varying diameters. (b) Transmission spectra of the mode multiplexers with varying diameters. (c) Demonstration of the mode multiplexer with air pillar distortion. (d) Transmission spectra of the mode multiplexer with different aberration degrees.
    Fig. 14. Structural parameter deviation of the IPC TE mode multiplexer. (a) Demonstration of the mode multiplexer with varying diameters. (b) Transmission spectra of the mode multiplexers with varying diameters. (c) Demonstration of the mode multiplexer with air pillar distortion. (d) Transmission spectra of the mode multiplexer with different aberration degrees.
    Communication experimental system based on PBMRA. WDM, (de)wavelength division multiplexer; PC, polarization controller; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; IM, intensity modulator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; BS, beam splitter; VFCA, vertical fiber coupling array; VOA, variable optical attenuator; PD, photo-detector; Osc., oscilloscope; DSP, digital signal processor.
    Fig. 15. Communication experimental system based on PBMRA. WDM, (de)wavelength division multiplexer; PC, polarization controller; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; IM, intensity modulator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; BS, beam splitter; VFCA, vertical fiber coupling array; VOA, variable optical attenuator; PD, photo-detector; Osc., oscilloscope; DSP, digital signal processor.
    Zhiwei Guan, Chaofeng Wang, Chuangxin Xie, Haisheng Wu, Junmin Liu, Huapeng Ye, Dianyuan Fan, Jiangnan Xiao, Shuqing Chen, "Photonic crystal-connected bidirectional micro-ring resonator array for duplex mode and wavelength channel (de)multiplexing," Photonics Res. 12, 1802 (2024)
    Download Citation