• Chinese Journal of Lasers
  • Vol. 51, Issue 10, 1002314 (2024)
Tianlei Zhang1、2, Zilong Zhang1, Peixin Li1, Xiaoming Wang2, Min Wang2, Rongquan Zhu2, Yaoshi Dang2, Jian Cao1, and Junlei Qi1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang , China
  • 2Beijing Remote Sensing Equipment Research Institute, Beijing 100854, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/CJL240583 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Tianlei Zhang, Zilong Zhang, Peixin Li, Xiaoming Wang, Min Wang, Rongquan Zhu, Yaoshi Dang, Jian Cao, Junlei Qi. Selective Laser Melting Process and Structure Optimization of Invar Alloy Lens Tube[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(10): 1002314 Copy Citation Text show less
    Lens tube shape structure for optical systems
    Fig. 1. Lens tube shape structure for optical systems
    Particle size distribution and surface morphology of the optimized powder. (a) Particle size distribution curve; (b) statistical image of powder sphericity; (c) surface morphology of the powder
    Fig. 2. Particle size distribution and surface morphology of the optimized powder. (a) Particle size distribution curve; (b) statistical image of powder sphericity; (c) surface morphology of the powder
    SLM process test results. (a) Optimized powder spreading effect; (b) product surface quality
    Fig. 3. SLM process test results. (a) Optimized powder spreading effect; (b) product surface quality
    Microscopic morphology of Invar alloy samples formed at different scanning intervals. (a)(c)(e)(g) Horizontal; (b)(d)(f)(h) vertical
    Fig. 4. Microscopic morphology of Invar alloy samples formed at different scanning intervals. (a)(c)(e)(g) Horizontal; (b)(d)(f)(h) vertical
    Microscopic morphology of Invar alloy samples formed at different scanning velocities. (a)(c)(e)(g) Horizontal; (b)(d)(f)(h) vertical
    Fig. 5. Microscopic morphology of Invar alloy samples formed at different scanning velocities. (a)(c)(e)(g) Horizontal; (b)(d)(f)(h) vertical
    Stress and strain simulation results of Invar alloy lens tubes. (a) Stress simulation of the original model; (b) strain simulation of the original model; (c) stress simulation of the model after topology optimization; (d) strain simulation of the model after topology optimization
    Fig. 6. Stress and strain simulation results of Invar alloy lens tubes. (a) Stress simulation of the original model; (b) strain simulation of the original model; (c) stress simulation of the model after topology optimization; (d) strain simulation of the model after topology optimization
    Optimization of the lens tube model, as well as stress and strain simulation after optimization. (a) Printing support of the original model; (b) printing support of the optimized model; (c) stress and strain simulation results after process optimization
    Fig. 7. Optimization of the lens tube model, as well as stress and strain simulation after optimization. (a) Printing support of the original model; (b) printing support of the optimized model; (c) stress and strain simulation results after process optimization
    Invar alloy lens tube and test rods manufactured by SLM process. (a) Lens tube; (b) fracture location of the test rods; (c) test robs before and after thermal expansion test
    Fig. 8. Invar alloy lens tube and test rods manufactured by SLM process. (a) Lens tube; (b) fracture location of the test rods; (c) test robs before and after thermal expansion test
    Three-dimensional scanning of the lens tube and structural deviation measurement results
    Fig. 9. Three-dimensional scanning of the lens tube and structural deviation measurement results
    X-ray inspection results of Invar alloy tube. (a) X-ray scanning image; (b)–(f) residual stress detection points
    Fig. 10. X-ray inspection results of Invar alloy tube. (a) X-ray scanning image; (b)–(f) residual stress detection points
    ElementMass fraction /%
    C0.01
    S0.008
    P0.008
    Si0.018
    Mn0.8
    Ni34.29
    O0.888
    Fe63.97
    Table 1. Chemical composition of Invar alloy powder
    ElementMass fraction /%Standard /%
    C0.0060.05
    S0.0060.02
    P0.010.02
    Si0.010.3
    Mn0.350.2‒0.6
    Ni35.2535‒37
    O0.0340.05
    Fe64.3363‒65
    Table 2. Chemical composition of the optimized Invar alloy powder
    Physical propertyValueStandard
    Mobility /(s/50 g)14.716
    Apparent density /(g/cm34.714.2
    Tap density /(g/cm35.25.8
    Sphericity0.890.85‒0.9
    Particle size (D10) /μm17.415‒25
    Particle Size (D50) /μm3230‒40
    Particle size (D90) /μm56.450‒60
    Table 3. Physical properties of the optimized Invar alloy powder
    No.Power /WScanning velocity /(mm/s)Scanning interval /mmThickness /mmLap width /mmEnergy density /(J/mm3
    137010000.080.040.14114.6
    237010000.090.040.14102.78
    337010000.100.040.1492.5
    437010000.110.040.1476.45
    Table 4. Setting of SLM parameters
    No.Power /WScanning velocity /(mm/s)Scanning interval /mmThickness /mmEnergy density /(J/mm3Tensilestrength /MPaYieldstrength /MPaElongation /%Shrinkagerate /%
    13709000.090.04114.24823882973
    237010000.090.0467.54683682964
    337011000.090.0467.34353543573
    437012000.090.0491.04403613373
    Table 5. SLM parameters and mechanical property test results
    No.Tensile strength /MPaYield strength /MPaElongation /%Shrinkage rate /%CTE /K
    145536436791.9×10-6
    245136233.5801.9×10-6
    346737535801.8×10-6
    Table 6. Mechanical properties of the test bars after heat treatment
    Tianlei Zhang, Zilong Zhang, Peixin Li, Xiaoming Wang, Min Wang, Rongquan Zhu, Yaoshi Dang, Jian Cao, Junlei Qi. Selective Laser Melting Process and Structure Optimization of Invar Alloy Lens Tube[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(10): 1002314
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