The research on performance improvement and efficiency promotion for the Rayleigh Doppler wind lidar is carried out. The optical efficiency of the improved receiver is 1.874 times higher than that of the original receiver by improving coupling efficiency, transmission efficiency and collection efficiency of optical signal in the receiver system, and the problem of low optical efficiency in the ultraviolet band in the current system is solved. The locking accuracy of laser frequency can meet the need of system detection accuracy by means of optimizing calibration parameters and increasing the surface reflectivity of etalon to 80%. Measurement deviation of line of sight wind velocity, which is owing to the Doppler zero offset, is eliminated by using a 60 m quasi static zero wind velocity real-time calibration pipeline, which improves the measurement accuracy. The comparison between the results obtained by lidar and radiosonde shows good agreement. The maximum deviation of wind velocity and direction is 6.73 m/s and 24.6°, respectively, and the average deviation of wind velocity and direction is 1.28 m/s and 2.65°, respectively. The wind field data with high spatial-temporal resolution is obtained in many areas, providing necessary data support for studying the change discipline of the middle and upper atmosphere and understanding the regional change characteristic of space environment.