In terms of the problems of low brightness, high noise and blurred edges in low-illumination images, based on Xilinx's Artix-7 series FPGA chip, the XQE-1310 image sensor with good low-light performance is driven to filter and edge the video signal collected by the detector. After the detection, a series of operations such as acquisition and processing of low-light images were completed, and the processed video signals were displayed in real time through the CameraLink video format. Finally, a low-light night vision system was designed. The experimental results show that the minimum working illuminance of the system can reach the order of 10-2 lx. The filtering algorithm can effectively filter the salt and pepper noise in the image while maintaining the edge information of the image. The adaptive edge detection algorithm can adjust the threshold in real time according to the illuminance level. It highlights the contour information of objects in low-light environments. The system makes full use of the advantages of fast speed and high efficiency of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and the final imaging result is clear and stable, which is convenient for human eyes to observe.