Aiming at stabilizational tracking technology for atmospheric laser communication system, sensitivity characteristics of the beam position detectors(CCD and QD) were analyzed. Five kinds of turbulence effects such as beam wander, intensity fluctuations,dispersed spot, angle of arrival fluctuation and beam spreading for tracking precision and their mathematical models were discussed. Then, simulation results of turbulence effects under various conditions were analyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and the experimental results show that tracking error of shape center capturing algorithms is less than tracking error of centroid localization algorithm.