In order to compensate for the strength loss caused by air entraining agent, and further improve the durability of concrete, the effects of cellulose fiber content (0.08%~0.12%, volume fraction) and air content (2%~4%) on the mechanical properties of concrete were studied by adding cellulose fiber and air entraining agent to concrete, and the air content of air entrained concrete was determined. The effect of cellulose fiber on the durability of air entrained concrete was studied by plastic shrinkage test, impermeability test, sulphate-wet and dry cycle test and freeze-thaw test. Combined with the bubble spacing test, the stomatal structure of cellulose fiber air entrained concrete was analyzed. The results show that the addition of air entraining agent can reduce the mechanical properties of concrete, the cellulose fiber can improve the mechanical properties of concrete, and the air content of concrete should not be more than 3%. Cellulose fiber can improve the shrinkage resistance, impermeability, sulfate erosion resistance and freezing resistance of air entrained concrete. When the cellulose fiber content is 0.10%, the mechanical properties and durability of cellulose fiber air entrained concrete are the best. The air entraining agent can obviously improve the characteristics of bubble system of concrete. When the air content is more than or equal to 3%, the bubble spacing coefficient of cellulose fiber air entrained concrete is less than 250 μm.