Hydrophilic photoluminescent CdTe/poly (1, 4-butanediol-citrate) (PBC) bioelastomer nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a two-step method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Uv-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows that the bioelastomer nanocomposites with different mass fractions of CdTe have low glass-transition temperature, which indicates that they possess elastic property in the range from room temperature to the expected applied temperature (37°C). The measurements of the hydrophilicity, in vitro degradation and PL show that the nanocomposite has good hydrophilicity, degradation and high fluorescence properties.