• Chinese Journal of Lasers
  • Vol. 49, Issue 14, 1402203 (2022)
Zhihao Ren1、2, Zhengwen Zhang1、2、3、*, Xiangyu Ma1、2, and Shenglan Mao1、2
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
  • 2Chongqing Key Laboratory of Metal Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Chongqing 400044, China
  • 3College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, U.K.
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    DOI: 10.3788/CJL202249.1402203 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Zhihao Ren, Zhengwen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Shenglan Mao. Laser Irradiation Behavior Analysis during Balling Effect in Selective Laser Melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(14): 1402203 Copy Citation Text show less
    Schematics of ray-tracing algorithm
    Fig. 1. Schematics of ray-tracing algorithm
    Initialization of the powder bed
    Fig. 2. Initialization of the powder bed
    Powder morphology of Cu-Cr-Zr powder
    Fig. 3. Powder morphology of Cu-Cr-Zr powder
    Homemade calorimetric apparatus used to measure the effect laser absorptivity. (a) Physical device; (b) device schematic
    Fig. 4. Homemade calorimetric apparatus used to measure the effect laser absorptivity. (a) Physical device; (b) device schematic
    Typical temperature variation curves detected by thermocouples of calorimetric apparatus during SLM process
    Fig. 5. Typical temperature variation curves detected by thermocouples of calorimetric apparatus during SLM process
    Comparison of modelled and experimental results. (a) Track morphology in top view; (b) melt pool boundary in cross-section view
    Fig. 6. Comparison of modelled and experimental results. (a) Track morphology in top view; (b) melt pool boundary in cross-section view
    Top view of melt pool evolution of SLM single-track under two different process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case
    Fig. 7. Top view of melt pool evolution of SLM single-track under two different process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case
    Laser reflection and absorption behaviors within melt pool under two process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case
    Fig. 8. Laser reflection and absorption behaviors within melt pool under two process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case
    Temperature curves versus time obtained by thermocouples under two process parameters. (a) P=430 W,v=0.6 m/s; (b) P=330 W, v=1.2 m/s
    Fig. 9. Temperature curves versus time obtained by thermocouples under two process parameters. (a) P=430 W,v=0.6 m/s; (b) P=330 W, v=1.2 m/s
    Dynamic variation of global absorptivity under two process parameters
    Fig. 10. Dynamic variation of global absorptivity under two process parameters
    ParameterValue
    Density of metal /(kg·m-3)8927
    Specific heat of metal /(J·kg-1·K-1)380
    Thermal conductivity of solid metal /(W·m-1·K-1)320
    Thermal conductivity of liquid metal /(W·m-1·K-1)100
    Solidus temperature /K1338.7
    Liquidus temperature /K1355.4
    Boiling temperature /K2868
    Viscosity /(Pa·s)0.0043
    Surface tension coefficient /(N·m-1)1.304
    Temperature coefficient of surface tension /(N·m-1·K-1)-0.286×10-3
    Latent heat of fusion /(J·kg-1)204000
    Enthalpy change of evaporation /(J·mol-1)300540
    Table 1. Material properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy used in the simulation
    ElementCrZrFeSiPCu
    Mass fraction /%0.5-1.50.05-0.25<0.05<0.05<0.01Bal.
    Table 2. Chemical compositions of Cu-Cr-Zr powder
    Serial numberLaser power P /WScanning velocity v /(m·s-1)
    14300.6
    23301.2
    Table 3. Process parameters used in SLM simulations and experiments
    Laser parameterEffective absorptivity /%Average global absorptivity /%Error /%
    P=430 W, v=0.6 m/s40.2440.40.4
    P=330 W, v=1.2 m/s27.0425.17.1
    Table 4. Values of effective absorptivity and average global absorptivity
    Zhihao Ren, Zhengwen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Shenglan Mao. Laser Irradiation Behavior Analysis during Balling Effect in Selective Laser Melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(14): 1402203
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