Based on the sonde data above the South Pole in 2008, using temperature and wind speed profiles, the vertical structures of boundary layer, the heights of the top of boundary layer and tropopause were decided. The air temperature, water vapor pressure, wind speed and direction in the surface were studied by statistical methods. The results showed that the vertical structures of boundary layer above the South Pole are stable in the most time. However, some are instable in summer, especially in January. The average height of the boundary layer in summer night is 389 m, bigger than in daytime, 304 m. It is 591 m in winter, bigger than in summer. The average height of the tropopause in the daytime is little bigger than in the nighttime of summer, they are respectively 6172 m and 5770 m. The inverse Richardson numbers of the high atmosphere above the South Pole are smaller than 4, the possibility of turbulence formation is very small.