Ethanol gasoline for motor vehicles(E10) is a new and clean automobile fuel. In the combustion process, trace heavy metal impurities have a crucial impact on the driving and maintenance of the car. Some combustion products may pollute the environment and threaten people’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to control the trace elements. The method with the direct dilution of isooctane was used to realize the quantitative determination of sodium and zinc in ethanol gasoline, The spectral lines of sodium and zinc were respectively 589.592 and 213.857 nm, the effects of atomization gas flow rate and peristaltic pump speed on the signal to back ratio were optimized. The semiconductor refrigeration atomization system (the temperature of the atomization chamber was set to -10 ℃) was applied to reduce the volatility of ethanol gasoline. At the same time, the effects of dilution ratio, standard internal elements and diluent types were studied. The results show that: (1)When kerosene was used as the diluent, the recoveries of sodium and zinc were above 120%, and the ratio of Y internal standard was above 1.20, When isooctane was used as the diluent, the recovery rate and standard internal ratio meet the requirements, which may be caused by the high density and viscosity of kerosene at low temperature, it was concluded that isooctane is more suitable as diluent ; (2)When Co was selected as the standard internal element, the standard internal ratio of some samples was more than 120%, and when Y was the internal standard, the standard internal ratio meets the requirements, it may be due to the poor stability of Co or the presence of Co in the sample, Y was suitable. (3)The detection limits of sodium and zinc are 0.013 and 0.005 mg·kg-1 respectively. The method showed lower detection limits, and the recoveries ranged from 85.1%～106.0%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 1.0% and 4.8%.(4)Compared with the microwave digestion method, the result of this method is close to the theoretical value, which makes up the disadvantage of the microwave digestion method. The results show that the method was rapid, sensitive and accurate, and it was suitable for the determination of sodium and zinc in ethanol gasoline.