Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of TALL-3D experimental device (a) and node diagram (b)
Fig. 2. Rolling flow comparison
Fig. 3. Heaving flow comparison
Fig. 4. SNCLFR-10 reactor structure sketch (a) and node diagram (b)
Fig. 5. Natural circulation flow
Fig. 6. Temperature of the core
Fig. 7. Natural circulation flow under inclined condition
Fig. 8. Effect of inclined angle on core parameters
Fig. 9. Variation of core outlet temperature (a) and flow (b)
Fig. 10. Effect of inclination angle on core flow (a) and outlet temperature(b)
Fig. 11. Natural circulation flow under heaving condition
Fig. 12. Effect of heaving period (a) and amplitude(b) on flow
Fig. 13. Variation of core temperature (a) and natural circulation flow (b)
Fig. 14. Effect of heaving period (a) and amplitude(b) on flow
Fig. 15. Natural circulation flow under rolling condition
Fig. 16. Effect of rolling amplitude (a) and period (b) on flow
Fig. 17. Variation of core temperature (a) and natural circulation flow (b)
Fig. 18. Effect of rolling amplitude (a) and period (b) on flow
Fig. 19. Effect of rolling period (a) and amplitude (b) on core outlet temperature
| parameter | thermodynamic properties | | density | ${\rho _{{\rm{LBE}}} }[{\rm{kg}} \cdot {{\rm{m}}^{ - 3} }] = 11\;096.0 - 1.303\;6 \times {T_{{\rm{LBE}}} }$ | | saturation vapor pressure | ${p_s}_{({\rm{LBE}})}[{\rm{Pa}}] = 1.11 \times {10^{10}} \cdot \exp \Bigg( - \dfrac{{22\;552.0}}{{{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}}}\Bigg)$ | | heat capacity | ${c_p}_{({\rm{LBE}})}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = 159.0 - 2.72 \times {10^{ - 2}} \times {T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} + 7.12 \times {10^{ - 6}} \times T_{{\rm{LBE}}}^2$ | | internal energy | ${U_{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}}] = 159.0({T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - {T_{\rm{M}}}) + \dfrac{{2.72 \times {{10}^{ - 2}}({T^2}_{{\rm{LBE}}} - {T^2}_{\rm{M}})}}{2} + \dfrac{{7.12 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}({T^3}_{{\rm{LBE}}} - {T^3}_{\rm{M}})}}{3}$${T_{\rm{M}}} = 398.15K$ | | enthalpy | ${h_{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}}] = U + pv$ | | entropy | ${{{S}}_{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = 159.0\ln \dfrac{{{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}}}{{{T_{\rm{M}}}}} + 2.72 \times {10^{ - 2}}({T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - {T_{\rm{M}}}) + \dfrac{{7.12 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}({T^2}_{{\rm{LBE}}} - {T^2}_{\rm{M}})}}{2}$ | | thermal coefficient of expansion | ${\beta _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = \dfrac{1}{{(8\;383.2 - {T_{{\rm{LBE}}}})}}$ | | pressure coefficient of expansion | ${\kappa _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{P}}{{\rm{a}}^{ - 1}}] = \dfrac{1}{{(11\;096.0 - 1.303\;6{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}){{(1\;773.0 + 0.104\;9{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} + 2.87 \cdot {{10}^{ - 4}}T_{{\rm{LBE}}}^{ - 4})}^2}}}$ | | viscosity | ${\eta _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{Pa}} \cdot {\rm{s}}] = 4.94 \times {10^{ - 4}} \times \exp \left( {\dfrac{{754.1}}{{{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}}}} \right)$ | | surface tension | ${\sigma _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{N}} \cdot {{\rm{m}}^{ - 1}}] = 0.367 - 5.5 \cdot {10^{ - 5}}\left( {{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - 1\;073.15} \right)$ | | thermal conductivity | ${\lambda _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{W}} \cdot {{\rm{m}}^{ - 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = 3.61 + 1.517 \times {10^{ - 2}}{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - 1.741 \times {10^{ - 6}}T_{{\rm{LBE}}}^2$ |
|
Table 1. Formula of RELAP5 program for liquid LBE
| parameter | MH flow/(kg/s) | TS flow/(kg/s) | total flow/(kg/s) | MH inlet temperature/K | MH outlet temperature/K | TS inlet temperature/K | TS outlet temperature/K | | experiment | 0.238 | 0.293 | 0.533 | 473.28 | 556.63 | 457.53 | 567.14 | | extension | 0.242 | 0.29 | 0.533 | 473.19 | 559.99 | 473.19 | 565.44 | | error/% | −1.68 | 1.023 | 0 | 0.019 | −0.603 | 0.492 | 0.300 | | RELAP5-3D | 0.238 | 0.296 | 0.534 | 473.2 | 561.23 | 473.2 | 561.75 | | error/% | 0 | −1.023 | −0.187 | 0.017 | −0.826 | 0.490 | 0.950 |
|
Table 2. Comparison of experimental value and calculated value of natural circulation
| parameter | power/MW | inlet temperature/K | outlet temperature/K | flow/(kg/s) | flow rate(m/s) | | design value | 10 | 533 | 663 | 529.4 | 0.12356 | | extension | 10 | 533.52 | 659.63 | 529.28 | 0.12133 | | error/% | 0 | −0.098 | 0.508 | 0.022 | 1.804 | | RELAP5-3D | 10 | 533.34 | 659.1 | 529.84 | 0.12123 | | error/% | 0 | −0.064 | 0.588 | −0.083 | 1.886 |
|
Table 3. Comparison of design values and calculated values of key parameters in core
