Due to their unique optoelectronic properties, recently the black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) has attracted considerable attention. By introducing the microfiber-based BPQDs photonics device into the erbium-doped fiber laser cavity, the single and dual-wavelength pulse cluster phenomena are achieved because of the characteristics of saturable absorption and high nonlinear effect of BPQDs. In the case of single wavelength pulse cluster, each pulse cluster contains 9 pulses, which has different time intervals. While in the case of dual-wavelength pulse cluster, each wavelength corresponds to one sequence of pulse cluster, which has different amplitudes and time intervals. These results help to deepen the understanding of multi-wavelength fiber laser and pulse cluster dynamics, and further demonstrate that the BPQDs can act as the saturable absorber with excellent performance into many fields, such as ultrafast optics.