Author Affiliations
1Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China2Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China3Key Laboratory of Particle Accelerator Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Variation of cavity input power demand with frequency detuning
Fig. 2. Plot of superconducting cavity Lorentz forcedetuning versus tuner stiffness
Fig. 3. Schematic of tuner design model
Fig. 4. Diagram of tuner 3D model
Fig. 5. Simulation analysis of tuner mechanical characteristics
Fig. 6. Diagram of mechanical tuning axial model
Fig. 7. Diagram of mechanical tuning axial simplifiedmodel
Fig. 8. Diagram of piezoelectric ceramic tuning axial model
Fig. 9. Diagram of simplified piezoelectric ceramic tuning axialsimplified model
Fig. 10. Variation of acceleration gradient with time during the pulse
Fig. 11. Dynamic Lorentz force detuning during the pulse
Fig. 12. Superconducting cavity response during pulses (0~4 ms)
Fig. 13. Photo of tuner mounted test on 650 MHz single cell cavity
Fig. 14. Plot of tuner stepper motor steps versus superconducting cavity frequency variation and tuner displacement variation
working frequency/MHz | bandwidth of cavity/Hz | operation mode | pulse frequency/Hz | operating gradient/(MV·m−1)
| 648 | 668 | pulse | 25 | 14 | | KL/(Hz·m2·MV−2)
| pressure sensitivity/(Hz·Pa−1)
| field flatness | (R/Q)/Ω
| beam current/mA | 1.5 | 0.15 | > 90% | 310 | 40 | | operation temperture/K | operation pressure/Pa | maximum allowable working pressure/MPa | cavity axial stiffness/(N·mm−1)
| tuning sensitivity/(kHz·mm−1)
| 2 | 3100 | 0.2(room temperaturer), 0.4(2 K) | 2225 | 171 |
|
Table 1. Superconducting cavity operating parameters
tuner system stiffness/(kN·mm−1)
| slow tuner frequency range/kHz | stepper motor resolution/Hz | piezo tuner frequency range/kHz | piezo tuner resolution/Hz | > 100 | > 100 | 10 | 1 | 4 |
|
Table 2. Tuner system requirement parameters
parts | material | axial flexibility/(mm·kN−1)
| axial rigidity/(kN·mm−1)
| cavity | Nb | 0.4494 | 2.225(Kc)
| front washer disk | Nb55Ti | 0.0339 | 29.52(
$ {K}_{\mathrm{w}1} $)
| end washer disk | Nb55Ti | 0.01914 | 52.24(
$ {K}_{\mathrm{w}2} $)
| helium tank | Ti | 0.008996 | 111.16(
$ {K}_{\mathrm{h}} $)
| tuner bellow | Ti | 32.327 | 0.031(
$ {K}_{\mathrm{b}} $)
| tuner | 316L | 0.00796 | 125.61(
$ {K}_{\mathrm{t}} $)
| interface rings | Ti | 0.00196 | 509.68(
$ {K}_{\mathrm{i}} $)
| piezo actuator | HP | 0.0125 | 80(
$ {K}_{\mathrm{p}} $)
|
|
Table 3. Mechanical properties of 648 MHz superconducting cavity
parts | force/N | displacement/
${\text{μ}}\mathrm{m} $![]() ![]() | piezo actuator/interface rings | −2.03 | −0.017 | tuner bellow/end dishes | −0.03 | −0.980 | helium tank/Front dishes | −2.00 | −0.086 | cavity | 2.00 | 0.898 |
|
Table 4. Force and displacement status of each component, when the mechanical tuner produces a displacement of
\begin{document}$ 1\;{\text{μ}}{\rm{m}} $\end{document}![]()
parts | force/N | displacement/
$ {\text{μ}}{\rm{m}} $![]() ![]() | tuner/interface rings | −2.02 | −0.020 | tuner bellow/end dishes | −0.03 | −0.980 | helium tank/front dishes | −1.99 | −0.085 | cavity | 1.99 | 0.895 |
|
Table 5. Force and displacement status of each component, when the piezoelectric ceramics produces a displacement of
\begin{document}$ 1\;{\text{μ}}{\rm{m}} $\end{document}![]()
state | LFD factor/
(Hz·m2·MV−2)
| maximum
detuning/Hz
| without tuner | 9.32 | 1827 | with tuner | 1.48 | 290 |
|
Table 6. Lorentz force detuning parameters before and after installing the tuner