Distributed reconfigurable satellite system is a new type of "modular" spacecraft architecture. Each module of the spacecraft can be manufactured and launched independently, and they form a whole by space laser energy transmission and data exchange. In order to study the key technologies of space laser energy transmission and improve the transmission efficiency, a ground verification experiment of the laser energy transmission system is designed. The key parameters like the output characteristics and conversion efficiency of GaAs cells to different wavelengths of laser are measured. The relationship between the laser intensity and transmission efficiency is analyzed. The experimental results show that with 793 nm laser for the transmission medium, GaAs cells′ laser to electric conversion efficiency is up to 48%, and that the whole electric-laser-electric transmission efficiency of system is 18%. The experiment verifies the feasibility of efficient laser energy transmission.